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.TH PCREBUILD 3
.SH NAME
PCRE - Perl-compatible regular expressions
.
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.SH "PCRE BUILD-TIME OPTIONS"
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This document describes the optional features of PCRE that can be selected when
the library is compiled. It assumes use of the \fBconfigure\fP script, where
the optional features are selected or deselected by providing options to
\fBconfigure\fP before running the \fBmake\fP command. However, the same
options can be selected in both Unix-like and non-Unix-like environments using
the GUI facility of \fBcmake-gui\fP if you are using \fBCMake\fP instead of
\fBconfigure\fP to build PCRE.
.P
There is a lot more information about building PCRE in non-Unix-like
environments in the file called \fINON_UNIX_USE\fP, which is part of the PCRE
distribution. You should consult this file as well as the \fIREADME\fP file if
you are building in a non-Unix-like environment.
.P
The complete list of options for \fBconfigure\fP (which includes the standard
ones such as the selection of the installation directory) can be obtained by
running
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./configure --help
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The following sections include descriptions of options whose names begin with
--enable or --disable. These settings specify changes to the defaults for the
\fBconfigure\fP command. Because of the way that \fBconfigure\fP works,
--enable and --disable always come in pairs, so the complementary option always
exists as well, but as it specifies the default, it is not described.
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.SH "C++ SUPPORT"
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By default, the \fBconfigure\fP script will search for a C++ compiler and C++
header files. If it finds them, it automatically builds the C++ wrapper library
for PCRE. You can disable this by adding
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--disable-cpp
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command.
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.SH "UTF-8 SUPPORT"
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To build PCRE with support for UTF-8 Unicode character strings, add
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--enable-utf8
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. Of itself, this does not make PCRE treat
strings as UTF-8. As well as compiling PCRE with this option, you also have
have to set the PCRE_UTF8 option when you call the \fBpcre_compile()\fP
or \fBpcre_compile2()\fP functions.
.P
If you set --enable-utf8 when compiling in an EBCDIC environment, PCRE expects
its input to be either ASCII or UTF-8 (depending on the runtime option). It is
not possible to support both EBCDIC and UTF-8 codes in the same version of the
library. Consequently, --enable-utf8 and --enable-ebcdic are mutually
exclusive.
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.SH "UNICODE CHARACTER PROPERTY SUPPORT"
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UTF-8 support allows PCRE to process character values greater than 255 in the
strings that it handles. On its own, however, it does not provide any
facilities for accessing the properties of such characters. If you want to be
able to use the pattern escapes \eP, \ep, and \eX, which refer to Unicode
character properties, you must add
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--enable-unicode-properties
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. This implies UTF-8 support, even if you have
not explicitly requested it.
.P
Including Unicode property support adds around 30K of tables to the PCRE
library. Only the general category properties such as \fILu\fP and \fINd\fP are
supported. Details are given in the
.\" HREF
\fBpcrepattern\fP
.\"
documentation.
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.SH "CODE VALUE OF NEWLINE"
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By default, PCRE interprets the linefeed (LF) character as indicating the end
of a line. This is the normal newline character on Unix-like systems. You can
compile PCRE to use carriage return (CR) instead, by adding
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--enable-newline-is-cr
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. There is also a --enable-newline-is-lf option,
which explicitly specifies linefeed as the newline character.
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Alternatively, you can specify that line endings are to be indicated by the two
character sequence CRLF. If you want this, add
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--enable-newline-is-crlf
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. There is a fourth option, specified by
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--enable-newline-is-anycrlf
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which causes PCRE to recognize any of the three sequences CR, LF, or CRLF as
indicating a line ending. Finally, a fifth option, specified by
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--enable-newline-is-any
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causes PCRE to recognize any Unicode newline sequence.
.P
Whatever line ending convention is selected when PCRE is built can be
overridden when the library functions are called. At build time it is
conventional to use the standard for your operating system.
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.SH "WHAT \eR MATCHES"
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By default, the sequence \eR in a pattern matches any Unicode newline sequence,
whatever has been selected as the line ending sequence. If you specify
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--enable-bsr-anycrlf
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the default is changed so that \eR matches only CR, LF, or CRLF. Whatever is
selected when PCRE is built can be overridden when the library functions are
called.
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.SH "BUILDING SHARED AND STATIC LIBRARIES"
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The PCRE building process uses \fBlibtool\fP to build both shared and static
Unix libraries by default. You can suppress one of these by adding one of
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--disable-shared
--disable-static
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command, as required.
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.SH "POSIX MALLOC USAGE"
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When PCRE is called through the POSIX interface (see the
.\" HREF
\fBpcreposix\fP
.\"
documentation), additional working storage is required for holding the pointers
to capturing substrings, because PCRE requires three integers per substring,
whereas the POSIX interface provides only two. If the number of expected
substrings is small, the wrapper function uses space on the stack, because this
is faster than using \fBmalloc()\fP for each call. The default threshold above
which the stack is no longer used is 10; it can be changed by adding a setting
such as
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--with-posix-malloc-threshold=20
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command.
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.SH "HANDLING VERY LARGE PATTERNS"
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Within a compiled pattern, offset values are used to point from one part to
another (for example, from an opening parenthesis to an alternation
metacharacter). By default, two-byte values are used for these offsets, leading
to a maximum size for a compiled pattern of around 64K. This is sufficient to
handle all but the most gigantic patterns. Nevertheless, some people do want to
process truyl enormous patterns, so it is possible to compile PCRE to use
three-byte or four-byte offsets by adding a setting such as
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--with-link-size=3
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. The value given must be 2, 3, or 4. Using
longer offsets slows down the operation of PCRE because it has to load
additional bytes when handling them.
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.SH "AVOIDING EXCESSIVE STACK USAGE"
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When matching with the \fBpcre_exec()\fP function, PCRE implements backtracking
by making recursive calls to an internal function called \fBmatch()\fP. In
environments where the size of the stack is limited, this can severely limit
PCRE's operation. (The Unix environment does not usually suffer from this
problem, but it may sometimes be necessary to increase the maximum stack size.
There is a discussion in the
.\" HREF
\fBpcrestack\fP
.\"
documentation.) An alternative approach to recursion that uses memory from the
heap to remember data, instead of using recursive function calls, has been
implemented to work round the problem of limited stack size. If you want to
build a version of PCRE that works this way, add
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--disable-stack-for-recursion
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. With this configuration, PCRE will use the
\fBpcre_stack_malloc\fP and \fBpcre_stack_free\fP variables to call memory
management functions. By default these point to \fBmalloc()\fP and
\fBfree()\fP, but you can replace the pointers so that your own functions are
used instead.
.P
Separate functions are provided rather than using \fBpcre_malloc\fP and
\fBpcre_free\fP because the usage is very predictable: the block sizes
requested are always the same, and the blocks are always freed in reverse
order. A calling program might be able to implement optimized functions that
perform better than \fBmalloc()\fP and \fBfree()\fP. PCRE runs noticeably more
slowly when built in this way. This option affects only the \fBpcre_exec()\fP
function; it is not relevant for \fBpcre_dfa_exec()\fP.
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.SH "LIMITING PCRE RESOURCE USAGE"
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Internally, PCRE has a function called \fBmatch()\fP, which it calls repeatedly
(sometimes recursively) when matching a pattern with the \fBpcre_exec()\fP
function. By controlling the maximum number of times this function may be
called during a single matching operation, a limit can be placed on the
resources used by a single call to \fBpcre_exec()\fP. The limit can be changed
at run time, as described in the
.\" HREF
\fBpcreapi\fP
.\"
documentation. The default is 10 million, but this can be changed by adding a
setting such as
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--with-match-limit=500000
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. This setting has no effect on the
\fBpcre_dfa_exec()\fP matching function.
.P
In some environments it is desirable to limit the depth of recursive calls of
\fBmatch()\fP more strictly than the total number of calls, in order to
restrict the maximum amount of stack (or heap, if --disable-stack-for-recursion
is specified) that is used. A second limit controls this; it defaults to the
value that is set for --with-match-limit, which imposes no additional
constraints. However, you can set a lower limit by adding, for example,
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--with-match-limit-recursion=10000
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. This value can also be overridden at run time.
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.SH "CREATING CHARACTER TABLES AT BUILD TIME"
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PCRE uses fixed tables for processing characters whose code values are less
than 256. By default, PCRE is built with a set of tables that are distributed
in the file \fIpcre_chartables.c.dist\fP. These tables are for ASCII codes
only. If you add
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--enable-rebuild-chartables
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command, the distributed tables are no longer used.
Instead, a program called \fBdftables\fP is compiled and run. This outputs the
source for new set of tables, created in the default locale of your C runtime
system. (This method of replacing the tables does not work if you are cross
compiling, because \fBdftables\fP is run on the local host. If you need to
create alternative tables when cross compiling, you will have to do so "by
hand".)
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.SH "USING EBCDIC CODE"
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PCRE assumes by default that it will run in an environment where the character
code is ASCII (or Unicode, which is a superset of ASCII). This is the case for
most computer operating systems. PCRE can, however, be compiled to run in an
EBCDIC environment by adding
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--enable-ebcdic
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. This setting implies
--enable-rebuild-chartables. You should only use it if you know that you are in
an EBCDIC environment (for example, an IBM mainframe operating system). The
--enable-ebcdic option is incompatible with --enable-utf8.
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.SH "PCREGREP OPTIONS FOR COMPRESSED FILE SUPPORT"
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By default, \fBpcregrep\fP reads all files as plain text. You can build it so
that it recognizes files whose names end in \fB.gz\fP or \fB.bz2\fP, and reads
them with \fBlibz\fP or \fBlibbz2\fP, respectively, by adding one or both of
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--enable-pcregrep-libz
--enable-pcregrep-libbz2
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command. These options naturally require that the
relevant libraries are installed on your system. Configuration will fail if
they are not.
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.SH "PCRETEST OPTION FOR LIBREADLINE SUPPORT"
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If you add
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--enable-pcretest-libreadline
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to the \fBconfigure\fP command, \fBpcretest\fP is linked with the
\fBlibreadline\fP library, and when its input is from a terminal, it reads it
using the \fBreadline()\fP function. This provides line-editing and history
facilities. Note that \fBlibreadline\fP is GPL-licensed, so if you distribute a
binary of \fBpcretest\fP linked in this way, there may be licensing issues.
.P
Setting this option causes the \fB-lreadline\fP option to be added to the
\fBpcretest\fP build. In many operating environments with a sytem-installed
\fBlibreadline\fP this is sufficient. However, in some environments (e.g.
if an unmodified distribution version of readline is in use), some extra
configuration may be necessary. The INSTALL file for \fBlibreadline\fP says
this:
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"Readline uses the termcap functions, but does not link with the
termcap or curses library itself, allowing applications which link
with readline the to choose an appropriate library."
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If your environment has not been set up so that an appropriate library is
automatically included, you may need to add something like
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LIBS="-ncurses"
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immediately before the \fBconfigure\fP command.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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\fBpcreapi\fP(3), \fBpcre_config\fP(3).
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.SH AUTHOR
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Philip Hazel
University Computing Service
Cambridge CB2 3QH, England.
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.SH REVISION
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Last updated: 29 September 2009
Copyright (c) 1997-2009 University of Cambridge.
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