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# frozen_string_literal: true
#
# = net/http.rb
#
# Copyright (c) 1999-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
# Copyright (c) 1999-2007 Minero Aoki
# Copyright (c) 2001 GOTOU Yuuzou
#
# Written and maintained by Minero Aoki <aamine@loveruby.net>.
# HTTPS support added by GOTOU Yuuzou <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>.
#
# This file is derived from "http-access.rb".
#
# Documented by Minero Aoki; converted to RDoc by William Webber.
#
# This program is free software. You can re-distribute and/or
# modify this program under the same terms of ruby itself ---
# Ruby Distribution License or GNU General Public License.
#
# See Gem::Net::HTTP for an overview and examples.
#
require_relative '../../../net-protocol/lib/net/protocol'
require_relative '../../../uri/lib/uri'
require_relative '../../../resolv/lib/resolv'
autoload :OpenSSL, 'openssl'
module Gem::Net #:nodoc:
# :stopdoc:
class HTTPBadResponse < StandardError; end
class HTTPHeaderSyntaxError < StandardError; end
# :startdoc:
# \Class \Gem::Net::HTTP provides a rich library that implements the client
# in a client-server model that uses the \HTTP request-response protocol.
# For information about \HTTP, see:
#
# - {Hypertext Transfer Protocol}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol].
# - {Technical overview}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Technical_overview].
#
# == About the Examples
#
# :include: doc/net-http/examples.rdoc
#
# == Strategies
#
# - If you will make only a few GET requests,
# consider using {OpenURI}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenURI.html].
# - If you will make only a few requests of all kinds,
# consider using the various singleton convenience methods in this class.
# Each of the following methods automatically starts and finishes
# a {session}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Sessions] that sends a single request:
#
# # Return string response body.
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get(hostname, path)
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get(uri)
#
# # Write string response body to $stdout.
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get_print(hostname, path)
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get_print(uri)
#
# # Return response as Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object.
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, path)
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response(uri)
# data = '{"title": "foo", "body": "bar", "userId": 1}'
# Gem::Net::HTTP.post(uri, data)
# params = {title: 'foo', body: 'bar', userId: 1}
# Gem::Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, params)
#
# - If performance is important, consider using sessions, which lower request overhead.
# This {session}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Sessions] has multiple requests for
# {HTTP methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Request_methods]
# and {WebDAV methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV#Implementation]:
#
# Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
# # Session started automatically before block execution.
# http.get(path)
# http.head(path)
# body = 'Some text'
# http.post(path, body) # Can also have a block.
# http.put(path, body)
# http.delete(path)
# http.options(path)
# http.trace(path)
# http.patch(path, body) # Can also have a block.
# http.copy(path)
# http.lock(path, body)
# http.mkcol(path, body)
# http.move(path)
# http.propfind(path, body)
# http.proppatch(path, body)
# http.unlock(path, body)
# # Session finished automatically at block exit.
# end
#
# The methods cited above are convenience methods that, via their few arguments,
# allow minimal control over the requests.
# For greater control, consider using {request objects}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPRequest].
#
# == URIs
#
# On the internet, a URI
# ({Universal Resource Identifier}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier])
# is a string that identifies a particular resource.
# It consists of some or all of: scheme, hostname, path, query, and fragment;
# see {URI syntax}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Syntax].
#
# A Ruby {Gem::URI::Generic}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Gem/URI/Generic.html] object
# represents an internet URI.
# It provides, among others, methods
# +scheme+, +hostname+, +path+, +query+, and +fragment+.
#
# === Schemes
#
# An internet \Gem::URI has
# a {scheme}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_URI_schemes].
#
# The two schemes supported in \Gem::Net::HTTP are <tt>'https'</tt> and <tt>'http'</tt>:
#
# uri.scheme # => "https"
# Gem::URI('http://example.com').scheme # => "http"
#
# === Hostnames
#
# A hostname identifies a server (host) to which requests may be sent:
#
# hostname = uri.hostname # => "jsonplaceholder.typicode.com"
# Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
# # Some HTTP stuff.
# end
#
# === Paths
#
# A host-specific path identifies a resource on the host:
#
# _uri = uri.dup
# _uri.path = '/todos/1'
# hostname = _uri.hostname
# path = _uri.path
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get(hostname, path)
#
# === Queries
#
# A host-specific query adds name/value pairs to the URI:
#
# _uri = uri.dup
# params = {userId: 1, completed: false}
# _uri.query = Gem::URI.encode_www_form(params)
# _uri # => #<Gem::URI::HTTPS https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com?userId=1&completed=false>
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get(_uri)
#
# === Fragments
#
# A {URI fragment}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_fragment] has no effect
# in \Gem::Net::HTTP;
# the same data is returned, regardless of whether a fragment is included.
#
# == Request Headers
#
# Request headers may be used to pass additional information to the host,
# similar to arguments passed in a method call;
# each header is a name/value pair.
#
# Each of the \Gem::Net::HTTP methods that sends a request to the host
# has optional argument +headers+,
# where the headers are expressed as a hash of field-name/value pairs:
#
# headers = {Accept: 'application/json', Connection: 'Keep-Alive'}
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get(uri, headers)
#
# See lists of both standard request fields and common request fields at
# {Request Fields}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#Request_fields].
# A host may also accept other custom fields.
#
# == \HTTP Sessions
#
# A _session_ is a connection between a server (host) and a client that:
#
# - Is begun by instance method Gem::Net::HTTP#start.
# - May contain any number of requests.
# - Is ended by instance method Gem::Net::HTTP#finish.
#
# See example sessions at {Strategies}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Strategies].
#
# === Session Using \Gem::Net::HTTP.start
#
# If you have many requests to make to a single host (and port),
# consider using singleton method Gem::Net::HTTP.start with a block;
# the method handles the session automatically by:
#
# - Calling #start before block execution.
# - Executing the block.
# - Calling #finish after block execution.
#
# In the block, you can use these instance methods,
# each of which that sends a single request:
#
# - {HTTP methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Request_methods]:
#
# - #get, #request_get: GET.
# - #head, #request_head: HEAD.
# - #post, #request_post: POST.
# - #delete: DELETE.
# - #options: OPTIONS.
# - #trace: TRACE.
# - #patch: PATCH.
#
# - {WebDAV methods}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV#Implementation]:
#
# - #copy: COPY.
# - #lock: LOCK.
# - #mkcol: MKCOL.
# - #move: MOVE.
# - #propfind: PROPFIND.
# - #proppatch: PROPPATCH.
# - #unlock: UNLOCK.
#
# === Session Using \Gem::Net::HTTP.start and \Gem::Net::HTTP.finish
#
# You can manage a session manually using methods #start and #finish:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.start
# http.get('/todos/1')
# http.get('/todos/2')
# http.delete('/posts/1')
# http.finish # Needed to free resources.
#
# === Single-Request Session
#
# Certain convenience methods automatically handle a session by:
#
# - Creating an \HTTP object
# - Starting a session.
# - Sending a single request.
# - Finishing the session.
# - Destroying the object.
#
# Such methods that send GET requests:
#
# - ::get: Returns the string response body.
# - ::get_print: Writes the string response body to $stdout.
# - ::get_response: Returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object.
#
# Such methods that send POST requests:
#
# - ::post: Posts data to the host.
# - ::post_form: Posts form data to the host.
#
# == \HTTP Requests and Responses
#
# Many of the methods above are convenience methods,
# each of which sends a request and returns a string
# without directly using \Gem::Net::HTTPRequest and \Gem::Net::HTTPResponse objects.
#
# You can, however, directly create a request object, send the request,
# and retrieve the response object; see:
#
# - Gem::Net::HTTPRequest.
# - Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# == Following Redirection
#
# Each returned response is an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
# See the {response class hierarchy}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPResponse@Response+Subclasses].
#
# In particular, class Gem::Net::HTTPRedirection is the parent
# of all redirection classes.
# This allows you to craft a case statement to handle redirections properly:
#
# def fetch(uri, limit = 10)
# # You should choose a better exception.
# raise ArgumentError, 'Too many HTTP redirects' if limit == 0
#
# res = Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response(Gem::URI(uri))
# case res
# when Gem::Net::HTTPSuccess # Any success class.
# res
# when Gem::Net::HTTPRedirection # Any redirection class.
# location = res['Location']
# warn "Redirected to #{location}"
# fetch(location, limit - 1)
# else # Any other class.
# res.value
# end
# end
#
# fetch(uri)
#
# == Basic Authentication
#
# Basic authentication is performed according to
# {RFC2617}[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt]:
#
# req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# req.basic_auth('user', 'pass')
# res = Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
# http.request(req)
# end
#
# == Streaming Response Bodies
#
# By default \Gem::Net::HTTP reads an entire response into memory. If you are
# handling large files or wish to implement a progress bar you can instead
# stream the body directly to an IO.
#
# Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
# req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# http.request(req) do |res|
# open('t.tmp', 'w') do |f|
# res.read_body do |chunk|
# f.write chunk
# end
# end
# end
# end
#
# == HTTPS
#
# HTTPS is enabled for an \HTTP connection by Gem::Net::HTTP#use_ssl=:
#
# Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname, :use_ssl => true) do |http|
# req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
# res = http.request(req)
# end
#
# Or if you simply want to make a GET request, you may pass in a URI
# object that has an \HTTPS URL. \Gem::Net::HTTP automatically turns on TLS
# verification if the URI object has a 'https' :URI scheme:
#
# uri # => #<Gem::URI::HTTPS https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/>
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get(uri)
#
# == Proxy Server
#
# An \HTTP object can have
# a {proxy server}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server].
#
# You can create an \HTTP object with a proxy server
# using method Gem::Net::HTTP.new or method Gem::Net::HTTP.start.
#
# The proxy may be defined either by argument +p_addr+
# or by environment variable <tt>'http_proxy'</tt>.
#
# === Proxy Using Argument +p_addr+ as a \String
#
# When argument +p_addr+ is a string hostname,
# the returned +http+ has the given host as its proxy:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname, nil, 'proxy.example')
# http.proxy? # => true
# http.proxy_from_env? # => false
# http.proxy_address # => "proxy.example"
# # These use default values.
# http.proxy_port # => 80
# http.proxy_user # => nil
# http.proxy_pass # => nil
#
# The port, username, and password for the proxy may also be given:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname, nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass')
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>
# http.proxy? # => true
# http.proxy_from_env? # => false
# http.proxy_address # => "proxy.example"
# http.proxy_port # => 8000
# http.proxy_user # => "pname"
# http.proxy_pass # => "ppass"
#
# === Proxy Using '<tt>ENV['http_proxy']</tt>'
#
# When environment variable <tt>'http_proxy'</tt>
# is set to a \Gem::URI string,
# the returned +http+ will have the server at that URI as its proxy;
# note that the \Gem::URI string must have a protocol
# such as <tt>'http'</tt> or <tt>'https'</tt>:
#
# ENV['http_proxy'] = 'http://example.com'
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.proxy? # => true
# http.proxy_from_env? # => true
# http.proxy_address # => "example.com"
# # These use default values.
# http.proxy_port # => 80
# http.proxy_user # => nil
# http.proxy_pass # => nil
#
# The \Gem::URI string may include proxy username, password, and port number:
#
# ENV['http_proxy'] = 'http://pname:ppass@example.com:8000'
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.proxy? # => true
# http.proxy_from_env? # => true
# http.proxy_address # => "example.com"
# http.proxy_port # => 8000
# http.proxy_user # => "pname"
# http.proxy_pass # => "ppass"
#
# === Filtering Proxies
#
# With method Gem::Net::HTTP.new (but not Gem::Net::HTTP.start),
# you can use argument +p_no_proxy+ to filter proxies:
#
# - Reject a certain address:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'proxy.example')
# http.proxy_address # => nil
#
# - Reject certain domains or subdomains:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'my.proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'proxy.example')
# http.proxy_address # => nil
#
# - Reject certain addresses and port combinations:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'proxy.example:1234')
# http.proxy_address # => "proxy.example"
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'proxy.example:8000')
# http.proxy_address # => nil
#
# - Reject a list of the types above delimited using a comma:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'proxy.example', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'my.proxy,proxy.example:8000')
# http.proxy_address # => nil
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, 'my.proxy', 8000, 'pname', 'ppass', 'my.proxy,proxy.example:8000')
# http.proxy_address # => nil
#
# == Compression and Decompression
#
# \Gem::Net::HTTP does not compress the body of a request before sending.
#
# By default, \Gem::Net::HTTP adds header <tt>'Accept-Encoding'</tt>
# to a new {request object}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPRequest]:
#
# Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)['Accept-Encoding']
# # => "gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3"
#
# This requests the server to zip-encode the response body if there is one;
# the server is not required to do so.
#
# \Gem::Net::HTTP does not automatically decompress a response body
# if the response has header <tt>'Content-Range'</tt>.
#
# Otherwise decompression (or not) depends on the value of header
# {Content-Encoding}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#content-encoding-response-header]:
#
# - <tt>'deflate'</tt>, <tt>'gzip'</tt>, or <tt>'x-gzip'</tt>:
# decompresses the body and deletes the header.
# - <tt>'none'</tt> or <tt>'identity'</tt>:
# does not decompress the body, but deletes the header.
# - Any other value:
# leaves the body and header unchanged.
#
# == What's Here
#
# This is a categorized summary of methods and attributes.
#
# === \Gem::Net::HTTP Objects
#
# - {::new}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.new]:
# Creates a new instance.
# - {#inspect}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#inspect]:
# Returns a string representation of +self+.
#
# === Sessions
#
# - {::start}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.start]:
# Begins a new session in a new \Gem::Net::HTTP object.
# - {#started?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#started?]
# (aliased as {#active?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#active?]):
# Returns whether in a session.
# - {#finish}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#finish]:
# Ends an active session.
# - {#start}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#start]:
# Begins a new session in an existing \Gem::Net::HTTP object (+self+).
#
# === Connections
#
# - {:continue_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#continue_timeout]:
# Returns the continue timeout.
# - {#continue_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#continue_timeout=]:
# Sets the continue timeout seconds.
# - {:keep_alive_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#keep_alive_timeout]:
# Returns the keep-alive timeout.
# - {:keep_alive_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#keep_alive_timeout=]:
# Sets the keep-alive timeout.
# - {:max_retries}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#max_retries]:
# Returns the maximum retries.
# - {#max_retries=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#max_retries=]:
# Sets the maximum retries.
# - {:open_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#open_timeout]:
# Returns the open timeout.
# - {:open_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#open_timeout=]:
# Sets the open timeout.
# - {:read_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#read_timeout]:
# Returns the open timeout.
# - {:read_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#read_timeout=]:
# Sets the read timeout.
# - {:ssl_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ssl_timeout]:
# Returns the ssl timeout.
# - {:ssl_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ssl_timeout=]:
# Sets the ssl timeout.
# - {:write_timeout}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#write_timeout]:
# Returns the write timeout.
# - {write_timeout=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#write_timeout=]:
# Sets the write timeout.
#
# === Requests
#
# - {::get}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.get]:
# Sends a GET request and returns the string response body.
# - {::get_print}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.get_print]:
# Sends a GET request and write the string response body to $stdout.
# - {::get_response}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response]:
# Sends a GET request and returns a response object.
# - {::post_form}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.post_form]:
# Sends a POST request with form data and returns a response object.
# - {::post}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.post]:
# Sends a POST request with data and returns a response object.
# - {#copy}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#copy]:
# Sends a COPY request and returns a response object.
# - {#delete}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#delete]:
# Sends a DELETE request and returns a response object.
# - {#get}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#get]:
# Sends a GET request and returns a response object.
# - {#head}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#head]:
# Sends a HEAD request and returns a response object.
# - {#lock}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#lock]:
# Sends a LOCK request and returns a response object.
# - {#mkcol}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#mkcol]:
# Sends a MKCOL request and returns a response object.
# - {#move}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#move]:
# Sends a MOVE request and returns a response object.
# - {#options}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#options]:
# Sends a OPTIONS request and returns a response object.
# - {#patch}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#patch]:
# Sends a PATCH request and returns a response object.
# - {#post}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#post]:
# Sends a POST request and returns a response object.
# - {#propfind}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#propfind]:
# Sends a PROPFIND request and returns a response object.
# - {#proppatch}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proppatch]:
# Sends a PROPPATCH request and returns a response object.
# - {#put}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#put]:
# Sends a PUT request and returns a response object.
# - {#request}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request]:
# Sends a request and returns a response object.
# - {#request_get}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_get]
# (aliased as {#get2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#get2]):
# Sends a GET request and forms a response object;
# if a block given, calls the block with the object,
# otherwise returns the object.
# - {#request_head}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_head]
# (aliased as {#head2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#head2]):
# Sends a HEAD request and forms a response object;
# if a block given, calls the block with the object,
# otherwise returns the object.
# - {#request_post}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#request_post]
# (aliased as {#post2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#post2]):
# Sends a POST request and forms a response object;
# if a block given, calls the block with the object,
# otherwise returns the object.
# - {#send_request}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#send_request]:
# Sends a request and returns a response object.
# - {#trace}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#trace]:
# Sends a TRACE request and returns a response object.
# - {#unlock}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#unlock]:
# Sends an UNLOCK request and returns a response object.
#
# === Responses
#
# - {:close_on_empty_response}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#close_on_empty_response]:
# Returns whether to close connection on empty response.
# - {:close_on_empty_response=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#close_on_empty_response=]:
# Sets whether to close connection on empty response.
# - {:ignore_eof}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ignore_eof]:
# Returns whether to ignore end-of-file when reading a response body
# with <tt>Content-Length</tt> headers.
# - {:ignore_eof=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ignore_eof=]:
# Sets whether to ignore end-of-file when reading a response body
# with <tt>Content-Length</tt> headers.
# - {:response_body_encoding}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#response_body_encoding]:
# Returns the encoding to use for the response body.
# - {#response_body_encoding=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#response_body_encoding=]:
# Sets the response body encoding.
#
# === Proxies
#
# - {:proxy_address}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_address]:
# Returns the proxy address.
# - {:proxy_address=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_address=]:
# Sets the proxy address.
# - {::proxy_class?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.proxy_class?]:
# Returns whether +self+ is a proxy class.
# - {#proxy?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy?]:
# Returns whether +self+ has a proxy.
# - {#proxy_address}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_address]
# (aliased as {#proxyaddr}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxyaddr]):
# Returns the proxy address.
# - {#proxy_from_env?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_from_env?]:
# Returns whether the proxy is taken from an environment variable.
# - {:proxy_from_env=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_from_env=]:
# Sets whether the proxy is to be taken from an environment variable.
# - {:proxy_pass}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_pass]:
# Returns the proxy password.
# - {:proxy_pass=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_pass=]:
# Sets the proxy password.
# - {:proxy_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_port]:
# Returns the proxy port.
# - {:proxy_port=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_port=]:
# Sets the proxy port.
# - {#proxy_user}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_user]:
# Returns the proxy user name.
# - {:proxy_user=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#proxy_user=]:
# Sets the proxy user.
#
# === Security
#
# - {:ca_file}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ca_file]:
# Returns the path to a CA certification file.
# - {:ca_file=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ca_file=]:
# Sets the path to a CA certification file.
# - {:ca_path}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ca_path]:
# Returns the path of to CA directory containing certification files.
# - {:ca_path=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ca_path=]:
# Sets the path of to CA directory containing certification files.
# - {:cert}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#cert]:
# Returns the OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object to be used for client certification.
# - {:cert=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#cert=]:
# Sets the OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object to be used for client certification.
# - {:cert_store}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#cert_store]:
# Returns the X509::Store to be used for verifying peer certificate.
# - {:cert_store=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#cert_store=]:
# Sets the X509::Store to be used for verifying peer certificate.
# - {:ciphers}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ciphers]:
# Returns the available SSL ciphers.
# - {:ciphers=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ciphers=]:
# Sets the available SSL ciphers.
# - {:extra_chain_cert}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#extra_chain_cert]:
# Returns the extra X509 certificates to be added to the certificate chain.
# - {:extra_chain_cert=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#extra_chain_cert=]:
# Sets the extra X509 certificates to be added to the certificate chain.
# - {:key}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#key]:
# Returns the OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object.
# - {:key=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#key=]:
# Sets the OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object.
# - {:max_version}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#max_version]:
# Returns the maximum SSL version.
# - {:max_version=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#max_version=]:
# Sets the maximum SSL version.
# - {:min_version}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#min_version]:
# Returns the minimum SSL version.
# - {:min_version=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#min_version=]:
# Sets the minimum SSL version.
# - {#peer_cert}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#peer_cert]:
# Returns the X509 certificate chain for the session's socket peer.
# - {:ssl_version}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ssl_version]:
# Returns the SSL version.
# - {:ssl_version=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ssl_version=]:
# Sets the SSL version.
# - {#use_ssl=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#use_ssl=]:
# Sets whether a new session is to use Transport Layer Security.
# - {#use_ssl?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#use_ssl?]:
# Returns whether +self+ uses SSL.
# - {:verify_callback}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_callback]:
# Returns the callback for the server certification verification.
# - {:verify_callback=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_callback=]:
# Sets the callback for the server certification verification.
# - {:verify_depth}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_depth]:
# Returns the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification.
# - {:verify_depth=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_depth=]:
# Sets the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification.
# - {:verify_hostname}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_hostname]:
# Returns the flags for server the certification verification at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session.
# - {:verify_hostname=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_hostname=]:
# Sets he flags for server the certification verification at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session.
# - {:verify_mode}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_mode]:
# Returns the flags for server the certification verification at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session.
# - {:verify_mode=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#verify_mode=]:
# Sets the flags for server the certification verification at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session.
#
# === Addresses and Ports
#
# - {:address}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#address]:
# Returns the string host name or host IP.
# - {::default_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.default_port]:
# Returns integer 80, the default port to use for HTTP requests.
# - {::http_default_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.http_default_port]:
# Returns integer 80, the default port to use for HTTP requests.
# - {::https_default_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.https_default_port]:
# Returns integer 443, the default port to use for HTTPS requests.
# - {#ipaddr}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ipaddr]:
# Returns the IP address for the connection.
# - {#ipaddr=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#ipaddr=]:
# Sets the IP address for the connection.
# - {:local_host}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#local_host]:
# Returns the string local host used to establish the connection.
# - {:local_host=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#local_host=]:
# Sets the string local host used to establish the connection.
# - {:local_port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#local_port]:
# Returns the integer local port used to establish the connection.
# - {:local_port=}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#local_port=]:
# Sets the integer local port used to establish the connection.
# - {:port}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#port]:
# Returns the integer port number.
#
# === \HTTP Version
#
# - {::version_1_2?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.version_1_2?]
# (aliased as {::is_version_1_2?}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.is_version_1_2?]
# and {::version_1_2}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP.version_1_2]):
# Returns true; retained for compatibility.
#
# === Debugging
#
# - {#set_debug_output}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP#set_debug_output]:
# Sets the output stream for debugging.
#
class HTTP < Protocol
# :stopdoc:
VERSION = "0.4.0"
HTTPVersion = '1.1'
begin
require 'zlib'
HAVE_ZLIB=true
rescue LoadError
HAVE_ZLIB=false
end
# :startdoc:
# Returns +true+; retained for compatibility.
def HTTP.version_1_2
true
end
# Returns +true+; retained for compatibility.
def HTTP.version_1_2?
true
end
# Returns +false+; retained for compatibility.
def HTTP.version_1_1? #:nodoc:
false
end
class << HTTP
alias is_version_1_1? version_1_1? #:nodoc:
alias is_version_1_2? version_1_2? #:nodoc:
end
# :call-seq:
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get_print(hostname, path, port = 80) -> nil
# Gem::Net::HTTP:get_print(uri, headers = {}, port = uri.port) -> nil
#
# Like Gem::Net::HTTP.get, but writes the returned body to $stdout;
# returns +nil+.
def HTTP.get_print(uri_or_host, path_or_headers = nil, port = nil)
get_response(uri_or_host, path_or_headers, port) {|res|
res.read_body do |chunk|
$stdout.print chunk
end
}
nil
end
# :call-seq:
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get(hostname, path, port = 80) -> body
# Gem::Net::HTTP:get(uri, headers = {}, port = uri.port) -> body
#
# Sends a GET request and returns the \HTTP response body as a string.
#
# With string arguments +hostname+ and +path+:
#
# hostname = 'jsonplaceholder.typicode.com'
# path = '/todos/1'
# puts Gem::Net::HTTP.get(hostname, path)
#
# Output:
#
# {
# "userId": 1,
# "id": 1,
# "title": "delectus aut autem",
# "completed": false
# }
#
# With URI object +uri+ and optional hash argument +headers+:
#
# uri = Gem::URI('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1')
# headers = {'Content-type' => 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'}
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get(uri, headers)
#
# Related:
#
# - Gem::Net::HTTP::Get: request class for \HTTP method +GET+.
# - Gem::Net::HTTP#get: convenience method for \HTTP method +GET+.
#
def HTTP.get(uri_or_host, path_or_headers = nil, port = nil)
get_response(uri_or_host, path_or_headers, port).body
end
# :call-seq:
# Gem::Net::HTTP.get_response(hostname, path, port = 80) -> http_response
# Gem::Net::HTTP:get_response(uri, headers = {}, port = uri.port) -> http_response
#
# Like Gem::Net::HTTP.get, but returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object
# instead of the body string.
def HTTP.get_response(uri_or_host, path_or_headers = nil, port = nil, &block)
if path_or_headers && !path_or_headers.is_a?(Hash)
host = uri_or_host
path = path_or_headers
new(host, port || HTTP.default_port).start {|http|
return http.request_get(path, &block)
}
else
uri = uri_or_host
headers = path_or_headers
start(uri.hostname, uri.port,
:use_ssl => uri.scheme == 'https') {|http|
return http.request_get(uri, headers, &block)
}
end
end
# Posts data to a host; returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object.
#
# Argument +url+ must be a URL;
# argument +data+ must be a string:
#
# _uri = uri.dup
# _uri.path = '/posts'
# data = '{"title": "foo", "body": "bar", "userId": 1}'
# headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
# res = Gem::Net::HTTP.post(_uri, data, headers) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
# puts res.body
#
# Output:
#
# {
# "title": "foo",
# "body": "bar",
# "userId": 1,
# "id": 101
# }
#
# Related:
#
# - Gem::Net::HTTP::Post: request class for \HTTP method +POST+.
# - Gem::Net::HTTP#post: convenience method for \HTTP method +POST+.
#
def HTTP.post(url, data, header = nil)
start(url.hostname, url.port,
:use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http|
http.post(url, data, header)
}
end
# Posts data to a host; returns a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object.
#
# Argument +url+ must be a URI;
# argument +data+ must be a hash:
#
# _uri = uri.dup
# _uri.path = '/posts'
# data = {title: 'foo', body: 'bar', userId: 1}
# res = Gem::Net::HTTP.post_form(_uri, data) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
# puts res.body
#
# Output:
#
# {
# "title": "foo",
# "body": "bar",
# "userId": "1",
# "id": 101
# }
#
def HTTP.post_form(url, params)
req = Post.new(url)
req.form_data = params
req.basic_auth url.user, url.password if url.user
start(url.hostname, url.port,
:use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http|
http.request(req)
}
end
#
# \HTTP session management
#
# Returns integer +80+, the default port to use for \HTTP requests:
#
# Gem::Net::HTTP.default_port # => 80
#
def HTTP.default_port
http_default_port()
end
# Returns integer +80+, the default port to use for \HTTP requests:
#
# Gem::Net::HTTP.http_default_port # => 80
#
def HTTP.http_default_port
80
end
# Returns integer +443+, the default port to use for HTTPS requests:
#
# Gem::Net::HTTP.https_default_port # => 443
#
def HTTP.https_default_port
443
end
def HTTP.socket_type #:nodoc: obsolete
BufferedIO
end
# :call-seq:
# HTTP.start(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, opts) -> http
# HTTP.start(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, opts) {|http| ... } -> object
#
# Creates a new \Gem::Net::HTTP object, +http+, via \Gem::Net::HTTP.new:
#
# - For arguments +address+ and +port+, see Gem::Net::HTTP.new.
# - For proxy-defining arguments +p_addr+ through +p_pass+,
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
# - For argument +opts+, see below.
#
# With no block given:
#
# - Calls <tt>http.start</tt> with no block (see #start),
# which opens a TCP connection and \HTTP session.
# - Returns +http+.
# - The caller should call #finish to close the session:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname)
# http.started? # => true
# http.finish
# http.started? # => false
#
# With a block given:
#
# - Calls <tt>http.start</tt> with the block (see #start), which:
#
# - Opens a TCP connection and \HTTP session.
# - Calls the block,
# which may make any number of requests to the host.
# - Closes the \HTTP session and TCP connection on block exit.
# - Returns the block's value +object+.
#
# - Returns +object+.
#
# Example:
#
# hostname = 'jsonplaceholder.typicode.com'
# Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
# puts http.get('/todos/1').body
# puts http.get('/todos/2').body
# end
#
# Output:
#
# {
# "userId": 1,
# "id": 1,
# "title": "delectus aut autem",
# "completed": false
# }
# {
# "userId": 1,
# "id": 2,
# "title": "quis ut nam facilis et officia qui",
# "completed": false
# }
#
# If the last argument given is a hash, it is the +opts+ hash,
# where each key is a method or accessor to be called,
# and its value is the value to be set.
#
# The keys may include:
#
# - #ca_file
# - #ca_path
# - #cert
# - #cert_store
# - #ciphers
# - #close_on_empty_response
# - +ipaddr+ (calls #ipaddr=)
# - #keep_alive_timeout
# - #key
# - #open_timeout
# - #read_timeout
# - #ssl_timeout
# - #ssl_version
# - +use_ssl+ (calls #use_ssl=)
# - #verify_callback
# - #verify_depth
# - #verify_mode
# - #write_timeout
#
# Note: If +port+ is +nil+ and <tt>opts[:use_ssl]</tt> is a truthy value,
# the value passed to +new+ is Gem::Net::HTTP.https_default_port, not +port+.
#
def HTTP.start(address, *arg, &block) # :yield: +http+
arg.pop if opt = Hash.try_convert(arg[-1])
port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass = *arg
p_addr = :ENV if arg.size < 2
port = https_default_port if !port && opt && opt[:use_ssl]
http = new(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass)
http.ipaddr = opt[:ipaddr] if opt && opt[:ipaddr]
if opt
if opt[:use_ssl]
opt = {verify_mode: OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER}.update(opt)
end
http.methods.grep(/\A(\w+)=\z/) do |meth|
key = $1.to_sym
opt.key?(key) or next
http.__send__(meth, opt[key])
end
end
http.start(&block)
end
class << HTTP
alias newobj new # :nodoc:
end
# Returns a new \Gem::Net::HTTP object +http+
# (but does not open a TCP connection or \HTTP session).
#
# With only string argument +address+ given
# (and <tt>ENV['http_proxy']</tt> undefined or +nil+),
# the returned +http+:
#
# - Has the given address.
# - Has the default port number, Gem::Net::HTTP.default_port (80).
# - Has no proxy.
#
# Example:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>
# http.address # => "jsonplaceholder.typicode.com"
# http.port # => 80
# http.proxy? # => false
#
# With integer argument +port+ also given,
# the returned +http+ has the given port:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname, 8000)
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:8000 open=false>
# http.port # => 8000
#
# For proxy-defining arguments +p_addr+ through +p_no_proxy+,
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
#
def HTTP.new(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, p_no_proxy = nil)
http = super address, port
if proxy_class? then # from Gem::Net::HTTP::Proxy()
http.proxy_from_env = @proxy_from_env
http.proxy_address = @proxy_address
http.proxy_port = @proxy_port
http.proxy_user = @proxy_user
http.proxy_pass = @proxy_pass
elsif p_addr == :ENV then
http.proxy_from_env = true
else
if p_addr && p_no_proxy && !Gem::URI::Generic.use_proxy?(address, address, port, p_no_proxy)
p_addr = nil
p_port = nil
end
http.proxy_address = p_addr
http.proxy_port = p_port || default_port
http.proxy_user = p_user
http.proxy_pass = p_pass
end
http
end
# Creates a new \Gem::Net::HTTP object for the specified server address,
# without opening the TCP connection or initializing the \HTTP session.
# The +address+ should be a DNS hostname or IP address.
def initialize(address, port = nil) # :nodoc:
@address = address
@port = (port || HTTP.default_port)
@ipaddr = nil
@local_host = nil
@local_port = nil
@curr_http_version = HTTPVersion
@keep_alive_timeout = 2
@last_communicated = nil
@close_on_empty_response = false
@socket = nil
@started = false
@open_timeout = 60
@read_timeout = 60
@write_timeout = 60
@continue_timeout = nil
@max_retries = 1
@debug_output = nil
@response_body_encoding = false
@ignore_eof = true
@proxy_from_env = false
@proxy_uri = nil
@proxy_address = nil
@proxy_port = nil
@proxy_user = nil
@proxy_pass = nil
@use_ssl = false
@ssl_context = nil
@ssl_session = nil
@sspi_enabled = false
SSL_IVNAMES.each do |ivname|
instance_variable_set ivname, nil
end
end
# Returns a string representation of +self+:
#
# Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname).inspect
# # => "#<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>"
#
def inspect
"#<#{self.class} #{@address}:#{@port} open=#{started?}>"
end
# *WARNING* This method opens a serious security hole.
# Never use this method in production code.
#
# Sets the output stream for debugging:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# File.open('t.tmp', 'w') do |file|
# http.set_debug_output(file)
# http.start
# http.get('/nosuch/1')
# http.finish
# end
# puts File.read('t.tmp')
#
# Output:
#
# opening connection to jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80...
# opened
# <- "GET /nosuch/1 HTTP/1.1\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3\r\nAccept: */*\r\nUser-Agent: Ruby\r\nHost: jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\r\n\r\n"
# -> "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"
# -> "Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2022 21:14:11 GMT\r\n"
# -> "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8\r\n"
# -> "Content-Length: 2\r\n"
# -> "Connection: keep-alive\r\n"
# -> "X-Powered-By: Express\r\n"
# -> "X-Ratelimit-Limit: 1000\r\n"
# -> "X-Ratelimit-Remaining: 999\r\n"
# -> "X-Ratelimit-Reset: 1670879660\r\n"
# -> "Vary: Origin, Accept-Encoding\r\n"
# -> "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true\r\n"
# -> "Cache-Control: max-age=43200\r\n"
# -> "Pragma: no-cache\r\n"
# -> "Expires: -1\r\n"
# -> "X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\r\n"
# -> "Etag: W/\"2-vyGp6PvFo4RvsFtPoIWeCReyIC8\"\r\n"
# -> "Via: 1.1 vegur\r\n"
# -> "CF-Cache-Status: MISS\r\n"
# -> "Server-Timing: cf-q-config;dur=1.3000000762986e-05\r\n"
# -> "Report-To: {\"endpoints\":[{\"url\":\"https:\\/\\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\\/report\\/v3?s=yOr40jo%2BwS1KHzhTlVpl54beJ5Wx2FcG4gGV0XVrh3X9OlR5q4drUn2dkt5DGO4GDcE%2BVXT7CNgJvGs%2BZleIyMu8CLieFiDIvOviOY3EhHg94m0ZNZgrEdpKD0S85S507l1vsEwEHkoTm%2Ff19SiO\"}],\"group\":\"cf-nel\",\"max_age\":604800}\r\n"
# -> "NEL: {\"success_fraction\":0,\"report_to\":\"cf-nel\",\"max_age\":604800}\r\n"
# -> "Server: cloudflare\r\n"
# -> "CF-RAY: 778977dc484ce591-DFW\r\n"
# -> "alt-svc: h3=\":443\"; ma=86400, h3-29=\":443\"; ma=86400\r\n"
# -> "\r\n"
# reading 2 bytes...
# -> "{}"
# read 2 bytes
# Conn keep-alive
#
def set_debug_output(output)
warn 'Gem::Net::HTTP#set_debug_output called after HTTP started', uplevel: 1 if started?
@debug_output = output
end
# Returns the string host name or host IP given as argument +address+ in ::new.
attr_reader :address
# Returns the integer port number given as argument +port+ in ::new.
attr_reader :port
# Sets or returns the string local host used to establish the connection;
# initially +nil+.
attr_accessor :local_host
# Sets or returns the integer local port used to establish the connection;
# initially +nil+.
attr_accessor :local_port
# Returns the encoding to use for the response body;
# see #response_body_encoding=.
attr_reader :response_body_encoding
# Sets the encoding to be used for the response body;
# returns the encoding.
#
# The given +value+ may be:
#
# - An Encoding object.
# - The name of an encoding.
# - An alias for an encoding name.
#
# See {Encoding}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Encoding.html].
#
# Examples:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.response_body_encoding = Encoding::US_ASCII # => #<Encoding:US-ASCII>
# http.response_body_encoding = 'US-ASCII' # => "US-ASCII"
# http.response_body_encoding = 'ASCII' # => "ASCII"
#
def response_body_encoding=(value)
value = Encoding.find(value) if value.is_a?(String)
@response_body_encoding = value
end
# Sets whether to determine the proxy from environment variable
# '<tt>ENV['http_proxy']</tt>';
# see {Proxy Using ENV['http_proxy']}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Using+-27ENV-5B-27http_proxy-27-5D-27].
attr_writer :proxy_from_env
# Sets the proxy address;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
attr_writer :proxy_address
# Sets the proxy port;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
attr_writer :proxy_port
# Sets the proxy user;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
attr_writer :proxy_user
# Sets the proxy password;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
attr_writer :proxy_pass
# Returns the IP address for the connection.
#
# If the session has not been started,
# returns the value set by #ipaddr=,
# or +nil+ if it has not been set:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.ipaddr # => nil
# http.ipaddr = '172.67.155.76'
# http.ipaddr # => "172.67.155.76"
#
# If the session has been started,
# returns the IP address from the socket:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.start
# http.ipaddr # => "172.67.155.76"
# http.finish
#
def ipaddr
started? ? @socket.io.peeraddr[3] : @ipaddr
end
# Sets the IP address for the connection:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.ipaddr # => nil
# http.ipaddr = '172.67.155.76'
# http.ipaddr # => "172.67.155.76"
#
# The IP address may not be set if the session has been started.
def ipaddr=(addr)
raise IOError, "ipaddr value changed, but session already started" if started?
@ipaddr = addr
end
# Sets or returns the numeric (\Integer or \Float) number of seconds
# to wait for a connection to open;
# initially 60.
# If the connection is not made in the given interval,
# an exception is raised.
attr_accessor :open_timeout
# Returns the numeric (\Integer or \Float) number of seconds
# to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call);
# see #read_timeout=.
attr_reader :read_timeout
# Returns the numeric (\Integer or \Float) number of seconds
# to wait for one block to be written (via one write(2) call);
# see #write_timeout=.
attr_reader :write_timeout
# Sets the maximum number of times to retry an idempotent request in case of
# \Gem::Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError, Errno::ECONNRESET,
# Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError,
# Gem::Timeout::Error.
# The initial value is 1.
#
# Argument +retries+ must be a non-negative numeric value:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.max_retries = 2 # => 2
# http.max_retries # => 2
#
def max_retries=(retries)
retries = retries.to_int
if retries < 0
raise ArgumentError, 'max_retries should be non-negative integer number'
end
@max_retries = retries
end
# Returns the maximum number of times to retry an idempotent request;
# see #max_retries=.
attr_reader :max_retries
# Sets the read timeout, in seconds, for +self+ to integer +sec+;
# the initial value is 60.
#
# Argument +sec+ must be a non-negative numeric value:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.read_timeout # => 60
# http.get('/todos/1') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
# http.read_timeout = 0
# http.get('/todos/1') # Raises Gem::Net::ReadTimeout.
#
def read_timeout=(sec)
@socket.read_timeout = sec if @socket
@read_timeout = sec
end
# Sets the write timeout, in seconds, for +self+ to integer +sec+;
# the initial value is 60.
#
# Argument +sec+ must be a non-negative numeric value:
#
# _uri = uri.dup
# _uri.path = '/posts'
# body = 'bar' * 200000
# data = <<EOF
# {"title": "foo", "body": "#{body}", "userId": "1"}
# EOF
# headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.write_timeout # => 60
# http.post(_uri.path, data, headers)
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
# http.write_timeout = 0
# http.post(_uri.path, data, headers) # Raises Gem::Net::WriteTimeout.
#
def write_timeout=(sec)
@socket.write_timeout = sec if @socket
@write_timeout = sec
end
# Returns the continue timeout value;
# see continue_timeout=.
attr_reader :continue_timeout
# Sets the continue timeout value,
# which is the number of seconds to wait for an expected 100 Continue response.
# If the \HTTP object does not receive a response in this many seconds
# it sends the request body.
def continue_timeout=(sec)
@socket.continue_timeout = sec if @socket
@continue_timeout = sec
end
# Sets or returns the numeric (\Integer or \Float) number of seconds
# to keep the connection open after a request is sent;
# initially 2.
# If a new request is made during the given interval,
# the still-open connection is used;
# otherwise the connection will have been closed
# and a new connection is opened.
attr_accessor :keep_alive_timeout
# Sets or returns whether to ignore end-of-file when reading a response body
# with <tt>Content-Length</tt> headers;
# initially +true+.
attr_accessor :ignore_eof
# Returns +true+ if the \HTTP session has been started:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.started? # => false
# http.start
# http.started? # => true
# http.finish # => nil
# http.started? # => false
#
# Gem::Net::HTTP.start(hostname) do |http|
# http.started?
# end # => true
# http.started? # => false
#
def started?
@started
end
alias active? started? #:nodoc: obsolete
# Sets or returns whether to close the connection when the response is empty;
# initially +false+.
attr_accessor :close_on_empty_response
# Returns +true+ if +self+ uses SSL, +false+ otherwise.
# See Gem::Net::HTTP#use_ssl=.
def use_ssl?
@use_ssl
end
# Sets whether a new session is to use
# {Transport Layer Security}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security]:
#
# Raises IOError if attempting to change during a session.
#
# Raises OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError if the port is not an HTTPS port.
def use_ssl=(flag)
flag = flag ? true : false
if started? and @use_ssl != flag
raise IOError, "use_ssl value changed, but session already started"
end
@use_ssl = flag
end
SSL_IVNAMES = [
:@ca_file,
:@ca_path,
:@cert,
:@cert_store,
:@ciphers,
:@extra_chain_cert,
:@key,
:@ssl_timeout,
:@ssl_version,
:@min_version,
:@max_version,
:@verify_callback,
:@verify_depth,
:@verify_mode,
:@verify_hostname,
] # :nodoc:
SSL_ATTRIBUTES = [
:ca_file,
:ca_path,
:cert,
:cert_store,
:ciphers,
:extra_chain_cert,
:key,
:ssl_timeout,
:ssl_version,
:min_version,
:max_version,
:verify_callback,
:verify_depth,
:verify_mode,
:verify_hostname,
] # :nodoc:
# Sets or returns the path to a CA certification file in PEM format.
attr_accessor :ca_file
# Sets or returns the path of to CA directory
# containing certification files in PEM format.
attr_accessor :ca_path
# Sets or returns the OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object
# to be used for client certification.
attr_accessor :cert
# Sets or returns the X509::Store to be used for verifying peer certificate.
attr_accessor :cert_store
# Sets or returns the available SSL ciphers.
# See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ciphers=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-ciphers-3D].
attr_accessor :ciphers
# Sets or returns the extra X509 certificates to be added to the certificate chain.
# See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#add_certificate}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-add_certificate].
attr_accessor :extra_chain_cert
# Sets or returns the OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object.
attr_accessor :key
# Sets or returns the SSL timeout seconds.
attr_accessor :ssl_timeout
# Sets or returns the SSL version.
# See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ssl_version=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-ssl_version-3D].
attr_accessor :ssl_version
# Sets or returns the minimum SSL version.
# See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#min_version=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-min_version-3D].
attr_accessor :min_version
# Sets or returns the maximum SSL version.
# See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#max_version=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-max_version-3D].
attr_accessor :max_version
# Sets or returns the callback for the server certification verification.
attr_accessor :verify_callback
# Sets or returns the maximum depth for the certificate chain verification.
attr_accessor :verify_depth
# Sets or returns the flags for server the certification verification
# at the beginning of the SSL/TLS session.
# OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE or OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER are acceptable.
attr_accessor :verify_mode
# Sets or returns whether to verify that the server certificate is valid
# for the hostname.
# See {OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#verify_hostname=}[https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#attribute-i-verify_mode].
attr_accessor :verify_hostname
# Returns the X509 certificate chain (an array of strings)
# for the session's socket peer,
# or +nil+ if none.
def peer_cert
if not use_ssl? or not @socket
return nil
end
@socket.io.peer_cert
end
# Starts an \HTTP session.
#
# Without a block, returns +self+:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>
# http.start
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=true>
# http.started? # => true
# http.finish
#
# With a block, calls the block with +self+,
# finishes the session when the block exits,
# and returns the block's value:
#
# http.start do |http|
# http
# end
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTP jsonplaceholder.typicode.com:80 open=false>
# http.started? # => false
#
def start # :yield: http
raise IOError, 'HTTP session already opened' if @started
if block_given?
begin
do_start
return yield(self)
ensure
do_finish
end
end
do_start
self
end
def do_start
connect
@started = true
end
private :do_start
def connect
if use_ssl?
# reference early to load OpenSSL before connecting,
# as OpenSSL may take time to load.
@ssl_context = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
end
if proxy? then
conn_addr = proxy_address
conn_port = proxy_port
else
conn_addr = conn_address
conn_port = port
end
debug "opening connection to #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..."
s = Gem::Timeout.timeout(@open_timeout, Gem::Net::OpenTimeout) {
begin
TCPSocket.open(conn_addr, conn_port, @local_host, @local_port)
rescue => e
raise e, "Failed to open TCP connection to " +
"#{conn_addr}:#{conn_port} (#{e.message})"
end
}
s.setsockopt(Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1)
debug "opened"
if use_ssl?
if proxy?
plain_sock = BufferedIO.new(s, read_timeout: @read_timeout,
write_timeout: @write_timeout,
continue_timeout: @continue_timeout,
debug_output: @debug_output)
buf = +"CONNECT #{conn_address}:#{@port} HTTP/#{HTTPVersion}\r\n" \
"Host: #{@address}:#{@port}\r\n"
if proxy_user
credential = ["#{proxy_user}:#{proxy_pass}"].pack('m0')
buf << "Proxy-Authorization: Basic #{credential}\r\n"
end
buf << "\r\n"
plain_sock.write(buf)
HTTPResponse.read_new(plain_sock).value
# assuming nothing left in buffers after successful CONNECT response
end
ssl_parameters = Hash.new
iv_list = instance_variables
SSL_IVNAMES.each_with_index do |ivname, i|
if iv_list.include?(ivname)
value = instance_variable_get(ivname)
unless value.nil?
ssl_parameters[SSL_ATTRIBUTES[i]] = value
end
end
end
@ssl_context.set_params(ssl_parameters)
unless @ssl_context.session_cache_mode.nil? # a dummy method on JRuby
@ssl_context.session_cache_mode =
OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_CLIENT |
OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE
end
if @ssl_context.respond_to?(:session_new_cb) # not implemented under JRuby
@ssl_context.session_new_cb = proc {|sock, sess| @ssl_session = sess }
end
# Still do the post_connection_check below even if connecting
# to IP address
verify_hostname = @ssl_context.verify_hostname
# Server Name Indication (SNI) RFC 3546/6066
case @address
when Gem::Resolv::IPv4::Regex, Gem::Resolv::IPv6::Regex
# don't set SNI, as IP addresses in SNI is not valid
# per RFC 6066, section 3.
# Avoid openssl warning
@ssl_context.verify_hostname = false
else
ssl_host_address = @address
end
debug "starting SSL for #{conn_addr}:#{conn_port}..."
s = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(s, @ssl_context)
s.sync_close = true
s.hostname = ssl_host_address if s.respond_to?(:hostname=) && ssl_host_address
if @ssl_session and
Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_REALTIME) < @ssl_session.time.to_f + @ssl_session.timeout
s.session = @ssl_session
end
ssl_socket_connect(s, @open_timeout)
if (@ssl_context.verify_mode != OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE) && verify_hostname
s.post_connection_check(@address)
end
debug "SSL established, protocol: #{s.ssl_version}, cipher: #{s.cipher[0]}"
end
@socket = BufferedIO.new(s, read_timeout: @read_timeout,
write_timeout: @write_timeout,
continue_timeout: @continue_timeout,
debug_output: @debug_output)
@last_communicated = nil
on_connect
rescue => exception
if s
debug "Conn close because of connect error #{exception}"
s.close
end
raise
end
private :connect
def on_connect
end
private :on_connect
# Finishes the \HTTP session:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.start
# http.started? # => true
# http.finish # => nil
# http.started? # => false
#
# Raises IOError if not in a session.
def finish
raise IOError, 'HTTP session not yet started' unless started?
do_finish
end
def do_finish
@started = false
@socket.close if @socket
@socket = nil
end
private :do_finish
#
# proxy
#
public
# no proxy
@is_proxy_class = false
@proxy_from_env = false
@proxy_addr = nil
@proxy_port = nil
@proxy_user = nil
@proxy_pass = nil
# Creates an \HTTP proxy class which behaves like \Gem::Net::HTTP, but
# performs all access via the specified proxy.
#
# This class is obsolete. You may pass these same parameters directly to
# \Gem::Net::HTTP.new. See Gem::Net::HTTP.new for details of the arguments.
def HTTP.Proxy(p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil) #:nodoc:
return self unless p_addr
Class.new(self) {
@is_proxy_class = true
if p_addr == :ENV then
@proxy_from_env = true
@proxy_address = nil
@proxy_port = nil
else
@proxy_from_env = false
@proxy_address = p_addr
@proxy_port = p_port || default_port
end
@proxy_user = p_user
@proxy_pass = p_pass
}
end
class << HTTP
# Returns true if self is a class which was created by HTTP::Proxy.
def proxy_class?
defined?(@is_proxy_class) ? @is_proxy_class : false
end
# Returns the address of the proxy host, or +nil+ if none;
# see Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server.
attr_reader :proxy_address
# Returns the port number of the proxy host, or +nil+ if none;
# see Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server.
attr_reader :proxy_port
# Returns the user name for accessing the proxy, or +nil+ if none;
# see Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server.
attr_reader :proxy_user
# Returns the password for accessing the proxy, or +nil+ if none;
# see Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server.
attr_reader :proxy_pass
end
# Returns +true+ if a proxy server is defined, +false+ otherwise;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
def proxy?
!!(@proxy_from_env ? proxy_uri : @proxy_address)
end
# Returns +true+ if the proxy server is defined in the environment,
# +false+ otherwise;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
def proxy_from_env?
@proxy_from_env
end
# The proxy URI determined from the environment for this connection.
def proxy_uri # :nodoc:
return if @proxy_uri == false
@proxy_uri ||= Gem::URI::HTTP.new(
"http", nil, address, port, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil
).find_proxy || false
@proxy_uri || nil
end
# Returns the address of the proxy server, if defined, +nil+ otherwise;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
def proxy_address
if @proxy_from_env then
proxy_uri&.hostname
else
@proxy_address
end
end
# Returns the port number of the proxy server, if defined, +nil+ otherwise;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
def proxy_port
if @proxy_from_env then
proxy_uri&.port
else
@proxy_port
end
end
# Returns the user name of the proxy server, if defined, +nil+ otherwise;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
def proxy_user
if @proxy_from_env
user = proxy_uri&.user
unescape(user) if user
else
@proxy_user
end
end
# Returns the password of the proxy server, if defined, +nil+ otherwise;
# see {Proxy Server}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTP@Proxy+Server].
def proxy_pass
if @proxy_from_env
pass = proxy_uri&.password
unescape(pass) if pass
else
@proxy_pass
end
end
alias proxyaddr proxy_address #:nodoc: obsolete
alias proxyport proxy_port #:nodoc: obsolete
private
def unescape(value)
require 'cgi/util'
CGI.unescape(value)
end
# without proxy, obsolete
def conn_address # :nodoc:
@ipaddr || address()
end
def conn_port # :nodoc:
port()
end
def edit_path(path)
if proxy?
if path.start_with?("ftp://") || use_ssl?
path
else
"http://#{addr_port}#{path}"
end
else
path
end
end
#
# HTTP operations
#
public
# :call-seq:
# get(path, initheader = nil) {|res| ... }
#
# Sends a GET request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Get object
# created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# With a block given, calls the block with the response body:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.get('/todos/1') do |res|
# p res
# end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
# Output:
#
# "{\n \"userId\": 1,\n \"id\": 1,\n \"title\": \"delectus aut autem\",\n \"completed\": false\n}"
#
# With no block given, simply returns the response object:
#
# http.get('/') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
# Related:
#
# - Gem::Net::HTTP::Get: request class for \HTTP method GET.
# - Gem::Net::HTTP.get: sends GET request, returns response body.
#
def get(path, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
res = nil
request(Get.new(path, initheader)) {|r|
r.read_body dest, &block
res = r
}
res
end
# Sends a HEAD request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Head object
# created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+:
#
# res = http.head('/todos/1') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
# res.body # => nil
# res.to_hash.take(3)
# # =>
# [["date", ["Wed, 15 Feb 2023 15:25:42 GMT"]],
# ["content-type", ["application/json; charset=utf-8"]],
# ["connection", ["close"]]]
#
def head(path, initheader = nil)
request(Head.new(path, initheader))
end
# :call-seq:
# post(path, data, initheader = nil) {|res| ... }
#
# Sends a POST request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Post object
# created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# With a block given, calls the block with the response body:
#
# data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.post('/todos', data) do |res|
# p res
# end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
#
# Output:
#
# "{\n \"{\\\"userId\\\": 1, \\\"id\\\": 1, \\\"title\\\": \\\"delectus aut autem\\\", \\\"completed\\\": false}\": \"\",\n \"id\": 201\n}"
#
# With no block given, simply returns the response object:
#
# http.post('/todos', data) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
#
# Related:
#
# - Gem::Net::HTTP::Post: request class for \HTTP method POST.
# - Gem::Net::HTTP.post: sends POST request, returns response body.
#
def post(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Post, &block)
end
# :call-seq:
# patch(path, data, initheader = nil) {|res| ... }
#
# Sends a PATCH request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Patch object
# created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# With a block given, calls the block with the response body:
#
# data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.patch('/todos/1', data) do |res|
# p res
# end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
# Output:
#
# "{\n \"userId\": 1,\n \"id\": 1,\n \"title\": \"delectus aut autem\",\n \"completed\": false,\n \"{\\\"userId\\\": 1, \\\"id\\\": 1, \\\"title\\\": \\\"delectus aut autem\\\", \\\"completed\\\": false}\": \"\"\n}"
#
# With no block given, simply returns the response object:
#
# http.patch('/todos/1', data) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
#
def patch(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Patch, &block)
end
# Sends a PUT request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Put object
# created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.put('/todos/1', data) # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
def put(path, data, initheader = nil)
request(Put.new(path, initheader), data)
end
# Sends a PROPPATCH request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Proppatch object
# created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.proppatch('/todos/1', data)
#
def proppatch(path, body, initheader = nil)
request(Proppatch.new(path, initheader), body)
end
# Sends a LOCK request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Lock object
# created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.lock('/todos/1', data)
#
def lock(path, body, initheader = nil)
request(Lock.new(path, initheader), body)
end
# Sends an UNLOCK request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Unlock object
# created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.unlock('/todos/1', data)
#
def unlock(path, body, initheader = nil)
request(Unlock.new(path, initheader), body)
end
# Sends an Options request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Options object
# created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.options('/')
#
def options(path, initheader = nil)
request(Options.new(path, initheader))
end
# Sends a PROPFIND request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Propfind object
# created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.propfind('/todos/1', data)
#
def propfind(path, body = nil, initheader = {'Depth' => '0'})
request(Propfind.new(path, initheader), body)
end
# Sends a DELETE request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Delete object
# created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.delete('/todos/1')
#
def delete(path, initheader = {'Depth' => 'Infinity'})
request(Delete.new(path, initheader))
end
# Sends a MOVE request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Move object
# created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.move('/todos/1')
#
def move(path, initheader = nil)
request(Move.new(path, initheader))
end
# Sends a COPY request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Copy object
# created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.copy('/todos/1')
#
def copy(path, initheader = nil)
request(Copy.new(path, initheader))
end
# Sends a MKCOL request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Mkcol object
# created from string +path+, string +body+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# data = '{"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "delectus aut autem", "completed": false}'
# http.mkcol('/todos/1', data)
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
#
def mkcol(path, body = nil, initheader = nil)
request(Mkcol.new(path, initheader), body)
end
# Sends a TRACE request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Trace object
# created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.trace('/todos/1')
#
def trace(path, initheader = nil)
request(Trace.new(path, initheader))
end
# Sends a GET request to the server;
# forms the response into a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Get object
# created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# With no block given, returns the response object:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.request_get('/todos') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
# With a block given, calls the block with the response object
# and returns the response object:
#
# http.request_get('/todos') do |res|
# p res
# end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
# Output:
#
# #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=false>
#
def request_get(path, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
request(Get.new(path, initheader), &block)
end
# Sends a HEAD request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Head object
# created from string +path+ and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.head('/todos/1') # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
def request_head(path, initheader = nil, &block)
request(Head.new(path, initheader), &block)
end
# Sends a POST request to the server;
# forms the response into a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Post object
# created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# With no block given, returns the response object:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.post('/todos', 'xyzzy')
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
#
# With a block given, calls the block with the response body
# and returns the response object:
#
# http.post('/todos', 'xyzzy') do |res|
# p res
# end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
#
# Output:
#
# "{\n \"xyzzy\": \"\",\n \"id\": 201\n}"
#
def request_post(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
request Post.new(path, initheader), data, &block
end
# Sends a PUT request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTP::Put object
# created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +initheader+.
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.put('/todos/1', 'xyzzy')
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
def request_put(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) #:nodoc:
request Put.new(path, initheader), data, &block
end
alias get2 request_get #:nodoc: obsolete
alias head2 request_head #:nodoc: obsolete
alias post2 request_post #:nodoc: obsolete
alias put2 request_put #:nodoc: obsolete
# Sends an \HTTP request to the server;
# returns an instance of a subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPResponse.
#
# The request is based on the Gem::Net::HTTPRequest object
# created from string +path+, string +data+, and initial headers hash +header+.
# That object is an instance of the
# {subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPRequest}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPRequest@Request+Subclasses],
# that corresponds to the given uppercase string +name+,
# which must be
# an {HTTP request method}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods]
# or a {WebDAV request method}[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV#Implementation].
#
# Examples:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
# http.send_request('GET', '/todos/1')
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
# http.send_request('POST', '/todos', 'xyzzy')
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
#
def send_request(name, path, data = nil, header = nil)
has_response_body = name != 'HEAD'
r = HTTPGenericRequest.new(name,(data ? true : false),has_response_body,path,header)
request r, data
end
# Sends the given request +req+ to the server;
# forms the response into a Gem::Net::HTTPResponse object.
#
# The given +req+ must be an instance of a
# {subclass of Gem::Net::HTTPRequest}[rdoc-ref:Gem::Net::HTTPRequest@Request+Subclasses].
# Argument +body+ should be given only if needed for the request.
#
# With no block given, returns the response object:
#
# http = Gem::Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
#
# req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new('/todos/1')
# http.request(req)
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
# req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Post.new('/todos')
# http.request(req, 'xyzzy')
# # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>
#
# With a block given, calls the block with the response and returns the response:
#
# req = Gem::Net::HTTP::Get.new('/todos/1')
# http.request(req) do |res|
# p res
# end # => #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
#
# Output:
#
# #<Gem::Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=false>
#
def request(req, body = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
unless started?
start {
req['connection'] ||= 'close'
return request(req, body, &block)
}
end
if proxy_user()
req.proxy_basic_auth proxy_user(), proxy_pass() unless use_ssl?
end
req.set_body_internal body
res = transport_request(req, &block)
if sspi_auth?(res)
sspi_auth(req)
res = transport_request(req, &block)
end
res
end
private
# Executes a request which uses a representation
# and returns its body.
def send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, type, &block)
res = nil
request(type.new(path, initheader), data) {|r|
r.read_body dest, &block
res = r
}
res
end
IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_ = %w/GET HEAD PUT DELETE OPTIONS TRACE/ # :nodoc:
def transport_request(req)
count = 0
begin
begin_transport req
res = catch(:response) {
begin
req.exec @socket, @curr_http_version, edit_path(req.path)
rescue Errno::EPIPE
# Failure when writing full request, but we can probably
# still read the received response.
end
begin
res = HTTPResponse.read_new(@socket)
res.decode_content = req.decode_content
res.body_encoding = @response_body_encoding
res.ignore_eof = @ignore_eof
end while res.kind_of?(HTTPInformation)
res.uri = req.uri
res
}
res.reading_body(@socket, req.response_body_permitted?) {
yield res if block_given?
}
rescue Gem::Net::OpenTimeout
raise
rescue Gem::Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError,
Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, Errno::ETIMEDOUT,
# avoid a dependency on OpenSSL
defined?(OpenSSL::SSL) ? OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError : IOError,
Gem::Timeout::Error => exception
if count < max_retries && IDEMPOTENT_METHODS_.include?(req.method)
count += 1
@socket.close if @socket
debug "Conn close because of error #{exception}, and retry"
retry
end
debug "Conn close because of error #{exception}"
@socket.close if @socket
raise
end
end_transport req, res
res
rescue => exception
debug "Conn close because of error #{exception}"
@socket.close if @socket
raise exception
end
def begin_transport(req)
if @socket.closed?
connect
elsif @last_communicated
if @last_communicated + @keep_alive_timeout < Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
debug 'Conn close because of keep_alive_timeout'
@socket.close
connect
elsif @socket.io.to_io.wait_readable(0) && @socket.eof?
debug "Conn close because of EOF"
@socket.close
connect
end
end
if not req.response_body_permitted? and @close_on_empty_response
req['connection'] ||= 'close'
end
req.update_uri address, port, use_ssl?
req['host'] ||= addr_port()
end
def end_transport(req, res)
@curr_http_version = res.http_version
@last_communicated = nil
if @socket.closed?
debug 'Conn socket closed'
elsif not res.body and @close_on_empty_response
debug 'Conn close'
@socket.close
elsif keep_alive?(req, res)
debug 'Conn keep-alive'
@last_communicated = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
else
debug 'Conn close'
@socket.close
end
end
def keep_alive?(req, res)
return false if req.connection_close?
if @curr_http_version <= '1.0'
res.connection_keep_alive?
else # HTTP/1.1 or later
not res.connection_close?
end
end
def sspi_auth?(res)
return false unless @sspi_enabled
if res.kind_of?(HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired) and
proxy? and res["Proxy-Authenticate"].include?("Negotiate")
begin
require 'win32/sspi'
true
rescue LoadError
false
end
else
false
end
end
def sspi_auth(req)
n = Win32::SSPI::NegotiateAuth.new
req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.get_initial_token}"
# Some versions of ISA will close the connection if this isn't present.
req["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive"
req["Proxy-Connection"] = "Keep-Alive"
res = transport_request(req)
authphrase = res["Proxy-Authenticate"] or return res
req["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Negotiate #{n.complete_authentication(authphrase)}"
rescue => err
raise HTTPAuthenticationError.new('HTTP authentication failed', err)
end
#
# utils
#
private
def addr_port
addr = address
addr = "[#{addr}]" if addr.include?(":")
default_port = use_ssl? ? HTTP.https_default_port : HTTP.http_default_port
default_port == port ? addr : "#{addr}:#{port}"
end
# Adds a message to debugging output
def debug(msg)
return unless @debug_output
@debug_output << msg
@debug_output << "\n"
end
alias_method :D, :debug
end
end
require_relative 'http/exceptions'
require_relative 'http/header'
require_relative 'http/generic_request'
require_relative 'http/request'
require_relative 'http/requests'
require_relative 'http/response'
require_relative 'http/responses'
require_relative 'http/proxy_delta'
require_relative 'http/backward'