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#ifndef RBIMPL_INTERN_STRING_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
#define RBIMPL_INTERN_STRING_H
/**
* @file
* @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
* @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
* Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
* modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
* file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
* @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
* implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
* rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
* is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
* at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
* anytime at will.
* @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
* recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
* Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
* We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
* extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
* @brief Public APIs related to ::rb_cString.
*/
#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
#ifdef STDC_HEADERS
# include <stddef.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
# include <string.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
# include <stdint.h>
#endif
#include "ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/pure.h"
#include "ruby/internal/constant_p.h"
#include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
#include "ruby/internal/value.h"
#include "ruby/internal/variable.h" /* rb_gvar_setter_t */
#include "ruby/st.h" /* st_index_t */
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
/* string.c */
/**
* Allocates an instance of ::rb_cString.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes length, of
* "binary" encoding, whose contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
* @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be
* accessible via `ptr`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_new(const char *ptr, long len);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a pointer
* to a C string.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @exception rb_eArgError `ptr` is a null pointer.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "binary" encoding, whose
* contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
* @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
*/
VALUE rb_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new_cstr(), except it takes a Ruby's string instead of
* C's. Implementation wise it creates a string that shares the backend memory
* region with the receiver. So the name. But there is no way for extension
* libraries to know if a string is of such variant.
*
* @param[in] str An object of ::RString.
* @return An allocated instance of ::rb_cString, which shares the
* encoding, length, and contents with the passed string.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary object except ::RString.
* @note Use #StringValue to enforce the precondition.
*/
VALUE rb_str_new_shared(VALUE str);
/**
* Creates a frozen copy of the string, if necessary. This function does
* nothing when the passed string is already frozen. Otherwise, it allocates a
* copy of it, which is frozen. The passed string is untouched either ways.
*
* @param[in] str An object of ::RString.
* @return Something frozen.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary object except ::RString.
* @note Use #StringValue to enforce the precondition.
*/
VALUE rb_str_new_frozen(VALUE str);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new(), except it takes the class of the allocating
* object.
*
* @param[in] obj A string-ish object.
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of the class of `obj`, of `len` bytes length, of
* "binary" encoding, whose contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
* @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be
* accessible via `ptr`.
*
* @internal
*
* Why it doesn't take an instance of ::rb_cClass?
*/
VALUE rb_str_new_with_class(VALUE obj, const char *ptr, long len);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new(), except it generates a string of "default
* external" encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from
* "default internal" to "default external" is fully defined over
* the given contents, then the return value is a string of
* "default external" encoding, whose contents are the converted
* ones. Otherwise the string is a junk.
* @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in
* a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying
* `valid_encoding?` of the result object.
*/
VALUE rb_external_str_new(const char *ptr, long len);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* Identical to rb_external_str_new(), except it assumes the passed pointer is
* a pointer to a C string. It can also be seen as a routine identical to
* rb_str_new_cstr(), except it generates a string of "default external"
* encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from
* "default internal" to "default external" is fully defined over
* the given contents, then the return value is a string of
* "default external" encoding, whose contents are the converted
* ones. Otherwise the string is a junk.
* @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in
* a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying
* `valid_encoding?` of the result object.
* @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
*/
VALUE rb_external_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new(), except it generates a string of "locale"
* encoding. It can also be seen as a routine identical to
* rb_external_str_new(), except it generates a string of "locale" encoding
* instead of "default external" encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from
* "default internal" to "locale" is fully defined over the given
* contents, then the return value is a string of "locale"
* encoding, whose contents are the converted ones. Otherwise the
* string is a junk.
* @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in
* a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying
* `valid_encoding?` of the result object.
*/
VALUE rb_locale_str_new(const char *ptr, long len);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* Identical to rb_locale_str_new(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a
* pointer to a C string. It can also be seen as a routine identical to
* rb_external_str_new_cstr(), except it generates a string of "locale"
* encoding instead of "default external".
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from
* "default internal" to "locale" is fully defined over the given
* contents, then the return value is a string of "locale"
* encoding, whose contents are the converted ones. Otherwise the
* string is a junk.
* @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in
* a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying
* `valid_encoding?` of the result object.
* @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
*/
VALUE rb_locale_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new(), except it generates a string of "filesystem"
* encoding. It can also be seen as a routine identical to
* rb_external_str_new(), except it generates a string of "filesystem" encoding
* instead of "default external" encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from
* "default internal" to "filesystem" is fully defined over the
* given contents, then the return value is a string of
* "filesystem" encoding, whose contents are the converted ones.
* Otherwise the string is a junk.
* @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in
* a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying
* `valid_encoding?` of the result object.
*/
VALUE rb_filesystem_str_new(const char *ptr, long len);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* Identical to rb_filesystem_str_new(), except it assumes the passed pointer
* is a pointer to a C string. It can also be seen as a routine identical to
* rb_external_str_new_cstr(), except it generates a string of "filesystem"
* encoding instead of "default external".
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from
* "default internal" to "filesystem" is fully defined over the
* given contents, then the return value is a string of
* "filesystem" encoding, whose contents are the converted ones.
* Otherwise the string is a junk.
* @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in
* a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying
* `valid_encoding?` of the result object.
* @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
*/
VALUE rb_filesystem_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr);
/**
* Allocates a "string buffer". A string buffer here is an instance of
* ::rb_cString, whose capacity is bigger than the length of it. If you can
* say that a string grows to a specific amount of bytes, this could be
* effective than resizing a string over and over again and again.
*
* @param[in] capa Designed capacity of the generating string.
* @return An empty string, of "binary" encoding, whose capacity is `capa`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_buf_new(long capa);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* This is a rb_str_buf_new() + rb_str_buf_cat() combo.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "binary" encoding, whose
* contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
* @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
*
* @internal
*
* This must be identical to rb_str_new_cstr(), except done in inefficient way?
* @shyouhei doesn't understand why this is not a simple alias.
*/
VALUE rb_str_buf_new_cstr(const char *ptr);
/**
* Allocates a "temporary" string. This is a hidden empty string. Handy on
* occasions.
*
* @param[in] len Designed length of the string.
* @return A hidden, empty string.
* @see rb_obj_hide()
*/
VALUE rb_str_tmp_new(long len);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new(), except it generates a string of "US ASCII"
* encoding. This is different from rb_external_str_new(), not only for the
* output encoding, but also it doesn't convert the contents.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes length, of
* "US ASCII" encoding, whose contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
*/
VALUE rb_usascii_str_new(const char *ptr, long len);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new_cstr(), except it generates a string of "US ASCII"
* encoding. It can also be seen as a routine Identical to
* rb_usascii_str_new(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a pointer to a
* C string.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @exception rb_eArgError `ptr` is a null pointer.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "US ASCII" encoding, whose
* contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
* @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
*/
VALUE rb_usascii_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new(), except it generates a string of "UTF-8" encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes length, of
* "UTF-8" encoding, whose contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
*/
VALUE rb_utf8_str_new(const char *ptr, long len);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new_cstr(), except it generates a string of "UTF-8"
* encoding. It can also be seen as a routine Identical to
* rb_usascii_str_new(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a pointer to a
* C string.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @exception rb_eArgError `ptr` is a null pointer.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "UTF-8" encoding, whose contents
* are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
* @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
*/
VALUE rb_utf8_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr);
/**
* @name Special strings that are backended by C string literals.
*
* *_str_new_static functions are intended for C string literals.
* They require memory in the range [ptr, ptr+len] to always be readable.
* Note that this range covers a total of len + 1 bytes.
*
* @{
*/
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new(), except it takes a C string literal.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string literal.
* @param[in] len `strlen(ptr)`.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` out of range of `size_t`.
* @pre `ptr` must be a C string constant.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "binary" encoding, whose backend
* storage is the passed C string literal.
* @warning It is a very bad idea to write to a C string literal (often
* immediate SEGV shall occur). Consider return values of this
* function be read-only.
*
* @internal
*
* Surprisingly it can take NULL, and generates an empty string.
*/
VALUE rb_str_new_static(const char *ptr, long len);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new_static(), except it generates a string of "US ASCII"
* encoding instead of "binary". It can also be seen as a routine identical to
* rb_usascii_str_new(), except it takes a C string literal.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string literal.
* @param[in] len `strlen(ptr)`.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` out of range of `size_t`.
* @pre `ptr` must be a C string constant.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "US ASCII" encoding, whose
* backend storage is the passed C string literal.
* @warning It is a very bad idea to write to a C string literal (often
* immediate SEGV shall occur). Consider return values of this
* function be read-only.
*/
VALUE rb_usascii_str_new_static(const char *ptr, long len);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new_static(), except it generates a string of "UTF-8"
* encoding instead of "binary". It can also be seen as a routine identical to
* rb_utf8_str_new(), except it takes a C string literal.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string literal.
* @param[in] len `strlen(ptr)`.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` out of range of `size_t`.
* @pre `ptr` must be a C string constant.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "UTF-8" encoding, whose backend
* storage is the passed C string literal.
* @warning It is a very bad idea to write to a C string literal (often
* immediate SEGV shall occur). Consider return values of this
* function be read-only.
*/
VALUE rb_utf8_str_new_static(const char *ptr, long len);
/** @} */
/**
* Identical to rb_interned_str(), except it takes a Ruby's string instead of
* C's. It can also be seen as a routine identical to to rb_str_new_shared(),
* except it returns an infamous "f"string.
*
* @param[in] str An object of ::RString.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, either cached or allocated, which
* has the identical encoding, length, and contents with the passed
* string.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary object except ::RString.
* @note Use #StringValue to enforce the precondition.
*
* @internal
*
* It actually finds or creates a fstring of the needed property, and
* destructively modifies the receiver behind-the-scene so that it becomes a
* shared string whose parent is the returning fstring.
*/
VALUE rb_str_to_interned_str(VALUE str);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new(), except it returns an infamous "f"string. What is
* a fstring? Well it is a special subkind of strings that is immutable,
* deduped globally, and managed by our GC. It is much like a Symbol (in fact
* Symbols are dynamic these days and are backended using fstrings). This
* concept has been silently introduced at some point in 2.x era. Since then
* it gained wider acceptance in the core. Starting from 3.x extension
* libraries can also generate ones.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return A found or created instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes
* length, of "binary" encoding, whose contents are identical to
* that of `ptr`.
* @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be
* accessible via `ptr`.
*/
VALUE rb_interned_str(const char *ptr, long len);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* Identical to rb_interned_str(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a
* pointer to a C's string. It can also be seen as a routine identical to to
* rb_str_to_interned_str(), except it takes a C's string instead of Ruby's.
* Or it can also be seen as a routine identical to rb_str_new_cstr(), except
* it returns an infamous "f"string.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "binary" encoding, whose
* contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
* @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
*/
VALUE rb_interned_str_cstr(const char *ptr);
/**
* Destroys the given string for no reason.
*
* @warning DO NOT USE IT.
* @warning Leave this task to our GC.
* @warning It was a bad idea at the first place to let you know about it.
*
* @param[out] str The string to be executed.
* @post The given string no longer exists.
* @note Maybe `String#clear` could be what you want.
*
* @internal
*
* Should have moved this to `internal/string.h`.
*/
void rb_str_free(VALUE str);
/**
* Replaces the contents of the former with the latter.
*
* @param[out] dst Destination object.
* @param[in] src Source object.
* @pre Both objects must not be any arbitrary objects except
* ::RString.
* @post `dst`'s former components are abandoned. It now has the
* identical encoding, length, and contents to `src`.
* @see rb_str_replace()
*
* @internal
*
* @shyouhei doesn't understand why this is useful to extension libraries.
* Just use rb_str_replace(). What's wrong with that?
*/
void rb_str_shared_replace(VALUE dst, VALUE src);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_cat_cstr(), except it takes Ruby's string instead of
* C's. It can also be seen as a routine identical to rb_str_shared_replace(),
* except it appends instead of replaces.
*
* @param[out] dst Destination object.
* @param[in] src Source object.
* @exception rb_eEncCompatError Can't mix the encodings.
* @exception rb_eArgError Result string too big.
* @return The passed `dst`.
* @pre Both objects must not be any arbitrary objects except
* ::RString.
* @post `dst` has the contents of `src` appended, with encoding
* converted into `dst`'s one, into the end of `dst`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_buf_append(VALUE dst, VALUE src);
/** @alias{rb_str_cat} */
VALUE rb_str_buf_cat(VALUE, const char*, long);
/** @alias{rb_str_cat_cstr} */
VALUE rb_str_buf_cat2(VALUE, const char*);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* Identical to rb_str_cat_cstr(), except it additionally assumes the source
* string be a NUL terminated ASCII string.
*
* @param[out] dst Destination object.
* @param[in] src Source string.
* @exception rb_eArgError Result string too big.
* @return The passed `dst`.
* @pre `dst` must not be any arbitrary object except ::RString.
* @pre `src` must be a NUL terminated ASCII string.
* @post `dst` has the contents of `src` appended, with encoding
* converted into `dst`'s one, into the end of `dst`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_buf_cat_ascii(VALUE dst, const char *src);
/**
* Try converting an object to its stringised representation using its `to_s`
* method, if any. If there is no such thing, it resorts to rb_any_to_s()
* output.
*
* @param[in] obj Arbitrary ruby object to stringise.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString.
*/
VALUE rb_obj_as_string(VALUE obj);
/**
* Try converting an object to its stringised representation using its `to_str`
* method, if any. If there is no such thing, returns ::RUBY_Qnil.
*
* @param[in] obj Arbitrary ruby object to stringise.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `obj.to_str` returned something non-String.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil No conversion from obj to String defined.
* @return otherwise Stringised representation of `obj`.
* @see rb_io_check_io
* @see rb_check_array_type
* @see rb_check_hash_type
*/
VALUE rb_check_string_type(VALUE obj);
/**
* Asserts that the given string's encoding is (Ruby's definition of) ASCII
* compatible.
*
* @param[in] obj An instance of ::rb_cString.
* @exception rb_eEncCompatError `obj` is ASCII incompatible.
*
* @internal
*
* @shyouhei doesn't know if this is an Easter egg or an official feature, but
* this function can in fact take non-strings such as Symbols, Regexps, IOs,
* etc. However if something unsupported is passed, it causes SEGV. It seems
* the feature is kind of untested.
*/
void rb_must_asciicompat(VALUE obj);
/**
* Duplicates a string.
*
* @param[in] str String in question to duplicate.
* @return A duplicated new instance.
* @pre `str` must be of ::RString.
*/
VALUE rb_str_dup(VALUE str);
/**
* I guess there is no use case of this function in extension libraries, but
* this is a routine identical to rb_str_dup(), except it always creates an
* instance of ::rb_cString regardless of the given object's class. This makes
* the most sense when the passed string is formerly hidden by rb_obj_hide().
*
* @param[in] str A string, possibly hidden.
* @return A duplicated new instance of ::rb_cString.
*/
VALUE rb_str_resurrect(VALUE str);
/**
* Obtains a "temporary lock" of the string. This advisory locking mechanism
* prevents other cooperating threads from tampering the receiver. The same
* thing could be done via freeze mechanism, but this one can also be unlocked
* using rb_str_unlocktmp().
*
* @param[out] str String to lock.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError `str` already locked.
* @return The given string.
* @post The string is locked.
*/
VALUE rb_str_locktmp(VALUE str);
/**
* Releases a lock formerly obtained by rb_str_locktmp().
*
* @param[out] str String to unlock.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError `str` already unlocked.
* @return The given string.
* @post The string is locked.
*/
VALUE rb_str_unlocktmp(VALUE str);
/** @alias{rb_str_new_frozen} */
VALUE rb_str_dup_frozen(VALUE);
/** @alias{rb_str_new_frozen} */
#define rb_str_dup_frozen rb_str_new_frozen
/**
* Generates a new string, concatenating the former to the latter. It can also
* be seen as a routine identical to rb_str_append(), except it doesn't tamper
* the passed strings to create a new one instead.
*
* @param[in] lhs Source string #1.
* @param[in] rhs Source string #2.
* @exception rb_eEncCompatError Can't mix the encodings.
* @exception rb_eArgError Result string too big.
* @return A new string containing `rhs` concatenated to `lhs`.
* @pre Both objects must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @note This operation doesn't commute. Don't get confused by the
* "plus" terminology. For historical reasons there are some
* noncommutative `+`s in Ruby. This is one of such things. There
* has been a long discussion around `+`s in programming languages.
*/
VALUE rb_str_plus(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs);
/**
* Repetition of a string.
*
* @param[in] str String to repeat.
* @param[in] num Count, something numeric.
* @exception rb_eArgError `num` is negative.
* @return A new string repeating `num` times of `str`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_times(VALUE str, VALUE num);
/**
* Byte offset to character offset conversion. This makes sense when the
* receiver is in a multibyte encoding. The string's i-th character does not
* always sit at its i-th byte. This function scans the contents to find the
* character index that matches the byte index. Generally speaking this is an
* `O(n)` operation. Could be slow.
*
* @param[in] str The string to scan.
* @param[in] pos Offset, in bytes.
* @return Offset, in characters.
*/
long rb_str_sublen(VALUE str, long pos);
/**
* This is the implementation of two-argumented `String#slice`.
*
* - Returns the substring of the given `len` found in `str` at offset `beg`:
*
* ```ruby
* 'foo'[0, 2] # => "fo"
* 'foo'[0, 0] # => ""
* ```
*
* - Counts backward from the end of `str` if `beg` is negative:
*
* ```ruby
* 'foo'[-2, 2] # => "oo"
* ```
*
* - Special case: returns a new empty string if `beg` is equal to the length
* of `str`:
*
* ```ruby
* 'foo'[3, 2] # => ""
* ```
*
* - Returns a null pointer if `beg` is out of range:
*
* ```ruby
* 'foo'[4, 2] # => nil
* 'foo'[-4, 2] # => nil
* ```
*
* - Returns the trailing substring of `str` if `len` is large:
*
* ```ruby
* 'foo'[1, 50] # => "oo"
* ```
*
* - Returns a null pointer if `len` is negative:
*
* ```ruby
* 'foo'[0, -1] # => nil
* ```
*
* @param[in] str The string to slice.
* @param[in] beg Requested offset of the substring.
* @param[in] len Requested length of the substring.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil Parameters out of range.
* @retval otherwise A new string whose contents is the specified
* substring of `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
*/
VALUE rb_str_substr(VALUE str, long beg, long len);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_substr(), except the numbers are interpreted as byte
* offsets instead of character offsets.
*
* @param[in] str The string to slice.
* @param[in] beg Requested offset of the substring.
* @param[in] len Requested length of the substring.
* @return A new string whose contents is the specified substring of `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @pre `beg` and `len` must not point to OOB contents.
*/
VALUE rb_str_subseq(VALUE str, long beg, long len);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_substr(), except it returns a C's string instead of
* Ruby's.
*
* @param[in] str The string to slice.
* @param[in] beg Requested offset of the substring.
* @param[in,out] len Requested length of the substring.
* @retval NULL Parameters out of range.
* @retval otherwise A pointer inside of `str`'s backend storage where
* the specified substring exist.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @post `len` is updated to have the length of the return value.
*/
char *rb_str_subpos(VALUE str, long beg, long *len);
/**
* Declares that the string is about to be modified. This for instance let the
* string have a dedicated backend storage.
*
* @param[out] str String about to be modified.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError `str` is `locktmp`-ed.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `str` is frozen.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @post Upon successful return the passed string is eligible to be
* modified.
*/
void rb_str_modify(VALUE str);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_modify(), except it additionally expands the capacity of
* the receiver.
*
* @param[out] str Target string to modify.
* @param[in] capa Additional capacity to add.
* @exception rb_eArgError `capa` is negative.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError `str` is `locktmp`-ed.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `str` is frozen.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @post Upon successful return the passed string is modified so that
* its capacity is increased for `capa` bytes.
*/
void rb_str_modify_expand(VALUE str, long capa);
/**
* This is the implementation of `String#freeze`.
*
* @param[out] str Target string to freeze.
* @return The passed string.
* @post Upon successful return the passed string is frozen.
*/
VALUE rb_str_freeze(VALUE str);
/**
* Overwrites the length of the string. Typically this is used to shrink a
* string that was formerly expanded.
*
* ```CXX
* extern int fd;
* auto str = rb_eval_string("'...'");
* rb_str_modify_expand(str, BUFSIZ);
* if (auto len = recv(fd, RSTRING_PTR(str), BUFSIZ, 0); len >= 0) {
* rb_str_set_len(str, len);
* }
* else {
* rb_sys_fail("recv(2)");
* }
* ```
*
* @param[out] str String to shrink.
* @param[in] len New length of the string.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError `str` is `locktmp`-ed.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `str` is frozen.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @post Upon successful return `str`'s length is set to `len`.
*/
void rb_str_set_len(VALUE str, long len);
/**
* Overwrites the length of the string. In contrast to rb_str_set_len(), this
* function can also expand a string.
*
* @param[out] str String to shrink.
* @param[in] len New length of the string.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError `str` is `locktmp`-ed.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `str` is frozen.
* @return The passed `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @post Upon successful return `str` is either expanded or shrunken to
* have its length be `len`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_resize(VALUE str, long len);
/**
* Destructively appends the passed contents to the string.
*
* @param[out] dst Destination object.
* @param[in] src Contents to append.
* @param[in] srclen Length of `src`.
* @exception rb_eArgError `srclen` is negative.
* @return The passed `dst`.
* @pre `dst` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @post `dst` has the contents of `ptr` appended.
*/
VALUE rb_str_cat(VALUE dst, const char *src, long srclen);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_cat(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a pointer
* to a C string.
*
* @param[out] dst Destination object.
* @param[in] src Contents to append.
* @exception rb_eArgError Result string too big.
* @exception rb_eArgError `src` is a null pointer.
* @return The passed `dst`.
* @pre `dst` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @pre `src` must not be a null pointer.
* @post `dst` has the contents of `src` appended.
*/
VALUE rb_str_cat_cstr(VALUE dst, const char *src);
/** @alias{rb_str_cat_cstr} */
VALUE rb_str_cat2(VALUE, const char*);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_buf_append(), except it converts the right hand side
* before concatenating.
*
* @param[out] dst Destination object.
* @param[in] src Source object.
* @exception rb_eEncCompatError Can't mix the encodings.
* @exception rb_eArgError Result string too big.
* @return The passed `dst`.
* @pre `dst` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @post `dst` has the contents of `src` appended, with encoding
* converted into `dst`'s one, into the end of `dst`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_append(VALUE dst, VALUE src);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_append(), except it also accepts an integer as a
* codepoint. This resembles `String#<<`.
*
* @param[out] dst Destination object.
* @param[in] src Source object, String or Numeric.
* @exception rb_eRangeError Source numeric is out of range.
* @exception rb_eEncCompatError Source string too long.
* @exception rb_eArgError Result string too big.
* @return The passed `dst`.
* @pre `dst` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @post `dst` has the contents of `src` appended, with encoding
* converted into `dst`'s one, into the end of `dst`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_concat(VALUE dst, VALUE src);
/* random.c */
/**
* This is a universal hash function.
*
* @warning This function changes its value per process.
* @param[in] ptr Target message.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr` in bytes.
* @return A pseudorandom number suitable for Hash's hash value.
* @see Aumasson, JP., Bernstein, D.J., "SipHash: A Fast Short-Input
* PRF", In proceedings of 13th International Conference on
* Cryptology in India (INDOCRYPT 2012), LNCS 7668, pp. 489-508,
* 2012. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34931-7_28
*/
st_index_t rb_memhash(const void *ptr, long len);
/**
* Starts a series of hashing. Suppose you have a struct:
*
* ```CXX
* struct foo_tag {
* unsigned char bar;
* uint32_t baz;
* };
* ```
*
* It is not a wise idea to call rb_memhash() over it, because there could be
* padding bits. Instead you should explicitly iterate over each fields:
*
* ```CXX
* foo_tag foo = { 0, 0, };
* st_index_t hash = 0;
*
* hash = rb_hash_start(0);
* hash = rb_hash_uint(hash, foo.bar);
* hash = rb_hash_uint32(hash, foo.baz);
* hash = rb_hash_end(hash);
* ```
*
* @param[in] i Initial value.
* @return A hash value.
*/
st_index_t rb_hash_start(st_index_t i);
/** @alias{st_hash_uint32} */
#define rb_hash_uint32(h, i) st_hash_uint32((h), (i))
/** @alias{st_hash_uint} */
#define rb_hash_uint(h, i) st_hash_uint((h), (i))
/** @alias{st_hash_end} */
#define rb_hash_end(h) st_hash_end(h)
/* string.c */
/**
* Calculates a hash value of a string. This is one of the two functions that
* constructs struct ::st_hash_type.
*
* @param[in] str An object of ::RString.
* @return A hash value.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary object except ::RString.
*
* @internal
*
* Although safe to call, there must be no particular use case of this function
* for extension libraries. Only ruby internals must know about it.
*
* This is not a simple alias of rb_memhash(), because it considers the passed
* string's encoding as well as its contents.
*/
st_index_t rb_str_hash(VALUE str);
/**
* Compares two strings. This is one of the two functions that constructs
* struct ::st_hash_type.
*
* @param[in] str1 A string.
* @param[in] str2 Another string.
* @retval 1 They have identical contents, length, and encodings.
* @retval 0 Otherwise.
* @pre Both objects must not be any arbitrary objects except
* ::RString.
*
* @internal
*
* In contrast to rb_str_hash(), this could be handy for comparison that only
* concerns equality. rb_str_cmp() returns 1, 0, -1.
*/
int rb_str_hash_cmp(VALUE str1, VALUE str2);
/**
* Checks if two strings are comparable each other or not. Because
* rb_str_cmp() must return "lesser than" or "greater than" information,
* comparing two strings needs a stricter restriction. Both sides must be in a
* same set of strings which have total order. This is to check that property.
* Intuitive it sounds? But they can have different encodings. A character
* and another might or might not appear in the same order in their codepoints.
* It is complicated than you think.
*
* @param[in] str1 A string.
* @param[in] str2 Another string.
* @retval 1 They agree on a total order.
* @retval 0 Otherwise.
* @pre Both objects must not be any arbitrary objects except
* ::RString.
*/
int rb_str_comparable(VALUE str1, VALUE str2);
/**
* Compares two strings, as in `strcmp(3)`. This does not consider the current
* locale, but considers the encodings of both sides instead.
*
* @param[in] lhs A string.
* @param[in] rhs Another string.
* @retval -1 `lhs` is "bigger than" `rhs`.
* @retval 1 `rhs` is "bigger than" `lhs`.
* @retval 0 Otherwise, e.g. not comparable.
* @pre Both objects must not be any arbitrary objects except
* ::RString.
*/
int rb_str_cmp(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs);
/**
* Equality of two strings.
*
* If `str2` is not a String, it resorts to `str2 == str1`. Otherwise if they
* are not comparable, returns ::RUBY_Qfalse. Otherwise if they have the same
* contents and the length, returns ::RUBY_Qtrue. Otherwise, returns
* ::RUBY_Qfalse.
*
* @param[in] str1 A string.
* @param[in] str2 Another string.
* @retval RUBY_Qtrue They are equal.
* @retval RUBY_Qfalse They are either different, or not comparable.
*/
VALUE rb_str_equal(VALUE str1, VALUE str2);
/**
* Shrinks the given string for the given number of bytes.
*
* @param[out] str String to squash.
* @param[in] len Number of bytes to reduce.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError `str` is `locktmp`-ed.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `str` is frozen.
* @return The passed `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @post `str` is shrunken.
* @warning Can break a multibyte character in middle.
*
* @internal
*
* What if `len` is negative?
*/
VALUE rb_str_drop_bytes(VALUE str, long len);
/**
* Replaces some (or all) of the contents of the given string. This is the
* implementation of three-argumented `String#[]=`.
*
* @param[out] dst Target string to update.
* @param[in] beg Offset of the affected portion.
* @param[in] len Length of the affected portion.
* @param[in] src Object to be assigned.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `src` has no implicit conversion to String.
* @exception rb_eIndexError `len` is negative, or `beg` is OOB.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError `dst` is `locktmp`-ed.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `dst` is frozen.
* @note Unlike rb_str_substr(), this function raises.
* @post A portion of `dst` from `beg` to `len` is the stringised
* representation of `src`. If that replacement string is not the
* same length as the portion it is replacing, `dst` will be
* resized accordingly.
*/
void rb_str_update(VALUE dst, long beg, long len, VALUE src);
/**
* Replaces the contents of the former object with the stringised contents of
* the latter.
*
* @param[out] dst Destination object.
* @param[in] src Source object.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `src` has no implicit conversion to String.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError `dst` is `locktmp`-ed.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `dst` is frozen.
* @return The passed `dst`.
* @pre `dst` must not be any arbitrary object except ::RString.
* @post `dst`'s former components are abandoned. It now has the
* identical encoding, length, and contents to `src`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_replace(VALUE dst, VALUE src);
/**
* Generates a "readable" version of the receiver.
*
* @warning The output is _insecure_. Never feed one to `eval`.
* @warning The output is not always in the same encoding as the given one.
* @warning A character might or might not be escaped, depending on the
* result encoding.
* @param[in] str String to inspect.
* @return Its inspection, either in default internal encoding if any, or
* in default external encoding otherwise.
* @see rb_str_dump()
*
* @internal
*
* This is a (silent) fix of an actual vulnerability feeding `inspect` output
* strings to `eval`:
* https://github.com/hiki/hiki/commit/8771a6e25198e264a2bf9dc1c102fea2cc8ff975
*
* ... and its advisory:
* http://hikiwiki.org/en/advisory20040712.html
*/
VALUE rb_str_inspect(VALUE str);
/**
* "Inverse" of rb_eval_string(). Returns a quoted version of the string. All
* non-printing characters are replaced by `\uNNNN` or `\xHH` notation and all
* special characters are escaped. The result string is guaranteed to render a
* string of the same contents when passed to `eval` and friends.
*
* @param[in] str String to dump.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError Too many escape sequences causes integer
* overflow on the length of the string.
* @return An US-ASCII string that includes all the necessary info to
* reconstruct the original string.
*/
VALUE rb_str_dump(VALUE str);
/**
* Divides the given string based on the given delimiter. This is the
* 1-argument 0-block version of `String#split`.
*
* @param[in] str Object in question to split.
* @param[in] delim Delimiter, in C string.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `str` has no implicit conversion to String.
* @exception rb_eArgError `delim` is a null pointer.
* @return An array of strings, which are substrings of the passed `str`.
* If `delim` is an empty C string (i.e. `""`), `str` is split into
* each characters. If `delim` is a C string whose sole content is
* a whitespace (i.e. `" "`), `str` is split on whitespaces, with
* leading and trailing whitespace and runs of contiguous
* whitespace characters ignored. Otherwise, `str` is split
* according to `delim`.
*/
VALUE rb_str_split(VALUE str, const char *delim);
/**
* This is a ::rb_gvar_setter_t that refutes non-string assignments.
*
* @exception rb_eTypeError Passed something non-string.
*/
rb_gvar_setter_t rb_str_setter;
/* symbol.c */
/**
* Identical to rb_to_symbol(), except it assumes the receiver being an
* instance of ::RString.
*
* @param[in] str The name of the id.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError Too many symbols.
* @return A (possibly new) id whose value is the given `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be any arbitrary object except ::RString.
* @note These days Ruby internally has two kinds of symbols
* (static/dynamic). Symbols created using this function would
* become dynamic ones; i.e. would be garbage collected. It could
* be safer for you to use it than alternatives, when applicable.
*/
VALUE rb_str_intern(VALUE str);
/* string.c */
/**
* This is an rb_sym2str() + rb_str_dup() combo.
*
* @param[in] sym A symbol to query.
* @return A string duplicating the symbol's backend storage.
*
* @internal
*
* This function causes SEGV when the passed value is a static symbol that
* doesn't exist.
*/
VALUE rb_sym_to_s(VALUE sym);
/**
* Counts the number of characters (not bytes) that are stored inside of the
* given string. This of course depends on its encoding. Also this function
* generally runs in O(n), because for instance you have to scan the entire
* string to know how many characters are there in a UTF-8 string.
*
* @param[in] str Target string to query.
* @return Its number of characters.
*/
long rb_str_strlen(VALUE str);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_strlen(), except it returns the value in ::rb_cInteger.
*
* @param[in] str Target string to query.
* @return Its number of characters.
*/
VALUE rb_str_length(VALUE);
/**
* "Inverse" of rb_str_sublen(). This function scans the contents to find the
* byte index that matches the character index. Generally speaking this is an
* `O(n)` operation. Could be slow.
*
* @param[in] str The string to scan.
* @param[in] pos Offset, in characters.
* @return Offset, in bytes.
*/
long rb_str_offset(VALUE str, long pos);
RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE()
/**
* Queries the capacity of the given string.
*
* @see ::RString::capa
* @param[in] str String in question.
* @return Its capacity.
*/
size_t rb_str_capacity(VALUE str);
/**
* Shortens `str` and adds three dots, an ellipsis, if it is longer than `len`
* characters. The length of the returned string in characters is less than or
* equal to `len`. If the length of `str` is less than or equal `len`, returns
* `str` itself. The encoding of returned string is equal to that of passed
* one. The class of returned string is equal to that of passed one.
*
* @param[in] str The string to shorten.
* @param[in] len The maximum string length.
* @exception rb_eIndexError `len` is negative.
* @retval str No need to add ellipsis.
* @retval otherwise A new, shortened string.
* @note The length is counted in characters.
*/
VALUE rb_str_ellipsize(VALUE str, long len);
/**
* "Cleanses" the string. A string has its encoding and its contents. They,
* in practice, do not always fit. There are strings in the wild that are
* "broken"; include bit patterns that are not allowed by its encoding. That
* can happen when a user copy&pasted something bad, network input got
* clobbered by a middleman, cosmic rays hit the physical memory, and many more
* occasions. This function takes such strings, and fills the "broken" portion
* with the passed replacement bit pattern.
*
* This function also takes a ruby block. That is a neat way to do things, but
* can be annoying when the caller function want to use a block for another
* purpose.
*
* @param[in] str Target string to scrub.
* @param[in] repl Replacement string. When it is a string,
* this function takes that as a replacement.
* When it is ::RUBY_Qnil, this function tries
* to yield a block (if any) and takes its
* evaluated value as a replacement. In case
* of ::RUBY_Qnil without a block, this
* function takes an encoding-specific default
* character (`U+FFFD`, for instance) as a last
* resort.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `repl` is neither string nor nil.
* @exception rb_eArgError `repl` itself is broken.
* @exception rb_eEncCompatError `repl` and `str` are incompatible.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil `str` is already clean.
* @retval otherwise A new, clean string.
*/
VALUE rb_str_scrub(VALUE str, VALUE repl);
/**
* Searches for the "successor" of a string. This function is complicated!
* This is the only function in the entire ruby API (either C or Ruby) that
* generates a string out of thin air. First, the successor to an empty string
* is a new empty string:
*
* ```ruby
* ''.succ # => ""
* ```
*
* Otherwise the successor is calculated by "incrementing" characters. The
* first character to be incremented is the rightmost alphanumeric: or, if no
* alphanumerics, the rightmost character:
*
* ```ruby
* 'THX1138'.succ # => "THX1139"
* '<<koala>>'.succ # => "<<koalb>>"
* '***'.succ # => '**+'
* ```
*
* The successor to a digit is another digit, "carrying" to the next-left
* character for a "rollover" from 9 to 0, and prepending another digit if
* necessary:
*
* ```ruby
* '00'.succ # => "01"
* '09'.succ # => "10"
* '99'.succ # => "100"
* '-9'.succ # => "-10"
* ```
*
* The successor to a letter is another letter of the same case, carrying to
* the next-left character for a rollover, and prepending another same-case
* letter if necessary:
*
* ```ruby
* 'aa'.succ # => "ab"
* 'az'.succ # => "ba"
* 'zz'.succ # => "aaa"
* 'AA'.succ # => "AB"
* 'AZ'.succ # => "BA"
* 'ZZ'.succ # => "AAA"
* ```
*
* The successor to a non-alphanumeric character is the next character in the
* underlying character set's collating sequence, carrying to the next-left
* character for a rollover, and prepending another character if necessary:
*
* ```ruby
* s = "\u03A1"
* s.succ # => "\u03A3" # There is no such thing like \u03A2.
* s = 255.chr * 3
* s # => "\xFF\xFF\xFF"
* s.succ # => "\x01\x00\x00\x00"
* ```
*
* Carrying can occur between and among mixtures of alphanumeric characters:
*
* ```ruby
* s = 'zz99zz99'
* s.succ # => "aaa00aa00"
* s = '99zz99zz'
* s.succ # => "100aa00aa"
* s = '1.9.9'
* s.succ # => "2.0.0"
* ```
*
* @param[in] orig Predecessor string.
* @return Successor string.
*/
VALUE rb_str_succ(VALUE orig);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail. Don't bother.
*
* @param[in] str A C string.
* @return `strlen`, casted to `long`.
*/
static inline long
rbimpl_strlen(const char *str)
{
return RBIMPL_CAST((long)strlen(str));
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail. Don't bother.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @return Corresponding Ruby string.
*/
static inline VALUE
rbimpl_str_new_cstr(const char *str)
{
long len = rbimpl_strlen(str);
return rb_str_new_static(str, len);
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail. Don't bother.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @return Corresponding Ruby string.
*/
static inline VALUE
rbimpl_usascii_str_new_cstr(const char *str)
{
long len = rbimpl_strlen(str);
return rb_usascii_str_new_static(str, len);
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail. Don't bother.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @return Corresponding Ruby string.
*/
static inline VALUE
rbimpl_utf8_str_new_cstr(const char *str)
{
long len = rbimpl_strlen(str);
return rb_utf8_str_new_static(str, len);
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail. Don't bother.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @return Corresponding Ruby string.
*/
static inline VALUE
rbimpl_external_str_new_cstr(const char *str)
{
long len = rbimpl_strlen(str);
return rb_external_str_new(str, len);
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail. Don't bother.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @return Corresponding Ruby string.
*/
static inline VALUE
rbimpl_locale_str_new_cstr(const char *str)
{
long len = rbimpl_strlen(str);
return rb_locale_str_new(str, len);
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail. Don't bother.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @return Corresponding Ruby string.
*/
static inline VALUE
rbimpl_str_buf_new_cstr(const char *str)
{
long len = rbimpl_strlen(str);
VALUE buf = rb_str_buf_new(len);
return rb_str_buf_cat(buf, str, len);
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail. Don't bother.
*
* @param[out] buf A string buffer.
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @return `buf` itself.
*/
static inline VALUE
rbimpl_str_cat_cstr(VALUE buf, const char *str)
{
long len = rbimpl_strlen(str);
return rb_str_cat(buf, str, len);
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail. Don't bother.
*
* @param[in] exc An exception class.
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @return An instance of `exc`.
*/
static inline VALUE
rbimpl_exc_new_cstr(VALUE exc, const char *str)
{
long len = rbimpl_strlen(str);
return rb_exc_new(exc, str, len);
}
/**
* Allocates an instance of ::rb_cString.
*
* @param[in] str A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes length, of
* "binary" encoding, whose contents are verbatim copy of `str`.
* @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be
* accessible via `str`.
*/
#define rb_str_new(str, len) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) && \
RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(len) ? \
rb_str_new_static : \
rb_str_new) ((str), (len)))
/**
* Identical to #rb_str_new, except it assumes the passed pointer is a pointer
* to a C string.
*
* @param[in] str A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "binary" encoding, whose
* contents are verbatim copy of `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be a null pointer.
*/
#define rb_str_new_cstr(str) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \
rbimpl_str_new_cstr : \
rb_str_new_cstr) (str))
/**
* Identical to #rb_str_new, except it generates a string of "US ASCII"
* encoding. This is different from rb_external_str_new(), not only for the
* output encoding, but also it doesn't convert the contents.
*
* @param[in] str A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `str`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes length, of
* "US ASCII" encoding, whose contents are verbatim copy of `str`.
*/
#define rb_usascii_str_new(str, len) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) && \
RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(len) ? \
rb_usascii_str_new_static : \
rb_usascii_str_new) ((str), (len)))
/**
* Identical to #rb_str_new, except it generates a string of "UTF-8" encoding.
*
* @param[in] str A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `str`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes length, of
* "UTF-8" encoding, whose contents are verbatim copy of `str`.
*/
#define rb_utf8_str_new(str, len) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) && \
RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(len) ? \
rb_utf8_str_new_static : \
rb_utf8_str_new) ((str), (len)))
/**
* Identical to #rb_str_new_cstr, except it generates a string of "US ASCII"
* encoding. It can also be seen as a routine Identical to
* #rb_usascii_str_new, except it assumes the passed pointer is a pointer to a
* C string.
*
* @param[in] str A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "US ASCII" encoding, whose
* contents are verbatim copy of `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be a null pointer.
*/
#define rb_usascii_str_new_cstr(str) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \
rbimpl_usascii_str_new_cstr : \
rb_usascii_str_new_cstr) (str))
/**
* Identical to #rb_str_new_cstr, except it generates a string of "UTF-8"
* encoding. It can also be seen as a routine Identical to #rb_utf8_str_new,
* except it assumes the passed pointer is a pointer to a C string.
*
* @param[in] str A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "UTF-8" encoding, whose contents
* are verbatim copy of `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be a null pointer.
*/
#define rb_utf8_str_new_cstr(str) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \
rbimpl_utf8_str_new_cstr : \
rb_utf8_str_new_cstr) (str))
/**
* Identical to #rb_str_new_cstr, except it generates a string of "default
* external" encoding.
*
* @param[in] str A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from
* "default internal" to "default external" is fully defined over
* the given contents, then the return value is a string of
* "default external" encoding, whose contents are the converted
* ones. Otherwise the string is a junk.
* @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in
* a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying
* `valid_encoding?` of the result object.
* @pre `str` must not be a null pointer.
*/
#define rb_external_str_new_cstr(str) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \
rbimpl_external_str_new_cstr : \
rb_external_str_new_cstr) (str))
/**
* Identical to #rb_external_str_new_cstr, except it generates a string of
* "locale" encoding instead of "default external".
*
* @param[in] str A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from
* "default internal" to "locale" is fully defined over the given
* contents, then the return value is a string of "locale"
* encoding, whose contents are the converted ones. Otherwise the
* string is a junk.
* @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in
* a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying
* `valid_encoding?` of the result object.
* @pre `str` must not be a null pointer.
*/
#define rb_locale_str_new_cstr(str) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \
rbimpl_locale_str_new_cstr : \
rb_locale_str_new_cstr) (str))
/**
* Identical to #rb_str_new_cstr, except done differently.
*
* @param[in] str A C string.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "binary" encoding, whose
* contents are verbatim copy of `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be a null pointer.
*/
#define rb_str_buf_new_cstr(str) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \
rbimpl_str_buf_new_cstr : \
rb_str_buf_new_cstr) (str))
/**
* Identical to rb_str_cat(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a pointer
* to a C string.
*
* @param[out] buf Destination object.
* @param[in] str Contents to append.
* @exception rb_eArgError Result string too big.
* @return The passed `buf`.
* @pre `buf` must not be any arbitrary objects except ::RString.
* @pre `str` must not be a null pointer.
* @post `buf` has the contents of `str` appended.
*/
#define rb_str_cat_cstr(buf, str) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \
rbimpl_str_cat_cstr : \
rb_str_cat_cstr) ((buf), (str)))
/**
* Identical to rb_exc_new(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a pointer
* to a C string.
*
* @param[out] exc A subclass of ::rb_eException.
* @param[in] str Message to raise.
* @return An instance of `exc` whose message is `str`.
* @pre `str` must not be a null pointer.
*/
#define rb_exc_new_cstr(exc, str) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \
rbimpl_exc_new_cstr : \
rb_exc_new_cstr) ((exc), (str)))
#define rb_str_new2 rb_str_new_cstr /**< @old{rb_str_new_cstr} */
#define rb_str_new3 rb_str_new_shared /**< @old{rb_str_new_shared} */
#define rb_str_new4 rb_str_new_frozen /**< @old{rb_str_new_frozen} */
#define rb_str_new5 rb_str_new_with_class /**< @old{rb_str_new_with_class} */
#define rb_str_buf_new2 rb_str_buf_new_cstr /**< @old{rb_str_buf_new_cstr} */
#define rb_usascii_str_new2 rb_usascii_str_new_cstr /**< @old{rb_usascii_str_new_cstr} */
#define rb_str_buf_cat rb_str_cat /**< @alias{rb_str_cat} */
#define rb_str_buf_cat2 rb_str_cat_cstr /**< @old{rb_usascii_str_new_cstr} */
#define rb_str_cat2 rb_str_cat_cstr /**< @old{rb_str_cat_cstr} */
/**
* Length of a string literal.
*
* @param[in] str A C String literal.
* @return An integer constant expression that represents `str`'s length,
* in bytes, not including the terminating NUL character.
*/
#define rb_strlen_lit(str) (sizeof(str "") - 1)
/**
* Identical to rb_str_new_static(), except it cannot take string variables.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @pre `str` must not be a variable.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "binary" encoding, whose backend
* storage is the passed C string literal.
* @warning It is a very bad idea to write to a C string literal (often
* immediate SEGV shall occur). Consider return values of this
* function be read-only.
*/
#define rb_str_new_lit(str) rb_str_new_static((str), rb_strlen_lit(str))
/**
* Identical to rb_usascii_str_new_static(), except it cannot take string
* variables.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @pre `str` must not be a variable.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "US ASCII" encoding, whose
* backend storage is the passed C string literal.
* @warning It is a very bad idea to write to a C string literal (often
* immediate SEGV shall occur). Consider return values of this
* function be read-only.
*/
#define rb_usascii_str_new_lit(str) rb_usascii_str_new_static((str), rb_strlen_lit(str))
/**
* Identical to rb_utf8_str_new_static(), except it cannot take string
* variables.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @pre `str` must not be a variable.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of "UTF-8" encoding, whose backend
* storage is the passed C string literal.
* @warning It is a very bad idea to write to a C string literal (often
* immediate SEGV shall occur). Consider return values of this
* function be read-only.
*/
#define rb_utf8_str_new_lit(str) rb_utf8_str_new_static((str), rb_strlen_lit(str))
/**
* Identical to rb_enc_str_new_static(), except it cannot take string
* variables.
*
* @param[in] str A C string literal.
* @param[in] enc A pointer to an encoding.
* @pre `str` must not be a variable.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of the passed encoding, whose
* backend storage is the passed C string literal.
* @warning It is a very bad idea to write to a C string literal (often
* immediate SEGV shall occur). Consider return values of this
* function be read-only.
*/
#define rb_enc_str_new_lit(str, enc) rb_enc_str_new_static((str), rb_strlen_lit(str), (enc))
#define rb_str_new_literal(str) rb_str_new_lit(str) /**< @alias{rb_str_new_lit} */
#define rb_usascii_str_new_literal(str) rb_usascii_str_new_lit(str) /**< @alias{rb_usascii_str_new_lit} */
#define rb_utf8_str_new_literal(str) rb_utf8_str_new_lit(str) /**< @alias{rb_utf8_str_new_lit} */
#define rb_enc_str_new_literal(str, enc) rb_enc_str_new_lit(str, enc) /**< @alias{rb_enc_str_new_lit} */
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
#endif /* RBIMPL_INTERN_STRING_H */