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#ifndef RUBY_INTERNAL_ENCODING_STRING_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
#define RUBY_INTERNAL_ENCODING_STRING_H
/**
* @file
* @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
* @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
* Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
* modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
* file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
* @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
* implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
* rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
* is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
* at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
* anytime at will.
* @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
* recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
* Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
* We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
* extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
* @brief Routines to manipulate encodings of strings.
*/
#include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
#include "ruby/internal/value.h"
#include "ruby/internal/encoding/encoding.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h"
#include "ruby/internal/intern/string.h" /* rbimpl_strlen */
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
/**
* Identical to rb_enc_str_new(), except it additionally takes an encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate `len+1` bytes.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes length, of `enc`
* encoding, whose contents are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
* @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be
* accessible via `ptr`.
* @note `enc` can be a null pointer. It can also be seen as a routine
* identical to rb_usascii_str_new() then.
*/
VALUE rb_enc_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
/**
* Identical to rb_enc_str_new(), except it assumes the passed pointer is a
* pointer to a C string. It can also be seen as a routine identical to
* rb_str_new_cstr(), except it additionally takes an encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string.
* @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Failed to allocate memory.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `enc` encoding, whose contents
* are verbatim copy of `ptr`.
* @pre `ptr` must not be a null pointer.
* @pre Because `ptr` is a C string it makes no sense for `enc` to be
* something like UTF-32.
* @note `enc` can be a null pointer. It can also be seen as a routine
* identical to rb_usascii_str_new_cstr() then.
*/
VALUE rb_enc_str_new_cstr(const char *ptr, rb_encoding *enc);
/**
* Identical to rb_enc_str_new(), except it takes a C string literal. It can
* also be seen as a routine identical to rb_str_new_static(), except it
* additionally takes an encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A C string literal.
* @param[in] len `strlen(ptr)`.
* @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` out of range of `size_t`.
* @pre `ptr` must be a C string constant.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `enc` encoding, whose backend
* storage is the passed C string literal.
* @warning It is a very bad idea to write to a C string literal (often
* immediate SEGV shall occur). Consider return values of this
* function be read-only.
* @note `enc` can be a null pointer. It can also be seen as a routine
* identical to rb_usascii_str_new_static() then.
*/
VALUE rb_enc_str_new_static(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc);
/**
* Identical to rb_enc_str_new(), except it returns a "f"string. It can also
* be seen as a routine identical to rb_interned_str(), except it additionally
* takes an encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return A found or created instance of ::rb_cString, of `len` bytes
* length, of `enc` encoding, whose contents are identical to that
* of `ptr`.
* @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be
* accessible via `ptr`.
* @note `enc` can be a null pointer.
*/
VALUE rb_enc_interned_str(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((1))
/**
* Identical to rb_enc_str_new_cstr(), except it returns a "f"string. It can
* also be seen as a routine identical to rb_interned_str_cstr(), except it
* additionally takes an encoding.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`.
* @return A found or created instance of ::rb_cString of `enc` encoding,
* whose contents are identical to that of `ptr`.
* @pre At least `len` bytes of continuous memory region shall be
* accessible via `ptr`.
* @note `enc` can be a null pointer.
*/
VALUE rb_enc_interned_str_cstr(const char *ptr, rb_encoding *enc);
/**
* Counts the number of characters of the passed string, according to the
* passed encoding. This has to be complicated. The passed string could be
* invalid and/or broken. This routine would scan from the beginning til the
* end, byte by byte, to seek out character boundaries. Could be super slow.
*
* @param[in] head Leftmost pointer to the string.
* @param[in] tail Rightmost pointer to the string.
* @param[in] enc Encoding of the string.
* @return Number of characters exist in `head` .. `tail`. The definition
* of "character" depends on the passed `enc`.
*/
long rb_enc_strlen(const char *head, const char *tail, rb_encoding *enc);
/**
* Queries the n-th character. Like rb_enc_strlen() this function can be fast
* or slow depending on the contents. Don't expect characters to be uniformly
* distributed across the entire string.
*
* @param[in] head Leftmost pointer to the string.
* @param[in] tail Rightmost pointer to the string.
* @param[in] nth Requested index of characters.
* @param[in] enc Encoding of the string.
* @return Pointer to the first byte of the character that is `nth`
* character ahead of `head`, or `tail` if there is no such
* character (OOB etc). The definition of "character" depends on
* the passed `enc`.
*/
char *rb_enc_nth(const char *head, const char *tail, long nth, rb_encoding *enc);
/**
* Identical to rb_enc_get_index(), except the return type.
*
* @param[in] obj Object in question.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `obj` is incapable of having an encoding.
* @return `obj`'s encoding.
*/
VALUE rb_obj_encoding(VALUE obj);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_cat(), except it additionally takes an encoding.
*
* @param[out] str Destination object.
* @param[in] ptr Contents to append.
* @param[in] len Length of `src`, in bytes.
* @param[in] enc Encoding of `ptr`.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @exception rb_eEncCompatError `enc` is not compatible with `str`.
* @return The passed `dst`.
* @post The contents of `ptr` is copied, transcoded into `dst`'s
* encoding, then pasted into `dst`'s end.
*/
VALUE rb_enc_str_buf_cat(VALUE str, const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc);
/**
* Encodes the passed code point into a series of bytes.
*
* @param[in] code Code point.
* @param[in] enc Target encoding scheme.
* @exception rb_eRangeError `enc` does not glean `code`.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString, of `enc` encoding, whose sole
* contents is `code` represented in `enc`.
* @note No way to encode code points bigger than UINT_MAX.
*
* @internal
*
* In other languages, APIs like this one could be seen as the primitive
* routines where encodings' "encode" feature are implemented. However in case
* of Ruby this is not the primitive one. We directly manipulate encoded
* strings. Encoding conversion routines transcode an encoded string directly
* to another one; not via a code point array.
*/
VALUE rb_enc_uint_chr(unsigned int code, rb_encoding *enc);
/**
* Identical to rb_external_str_new(), except it additionally takes an
* encoding. However the whole point of rb_external_str_new() is to encode a
* string into default external encoding. Being able to specify arbitrary
* encoding just ruins the designed purpose the function meseems.
*
* @param[in] ptr A memory region of `len` bytes length.
* @param[in] len Length of `ptr`, in bytes, not including the
* terminating NUL character.
* @param[in] enc Target encoding scheme.
* @exception rb_eArgError `len` is negative.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString. In case encoding conversion from
* "default internal" to `enc` is fully defined over the given
* contents, then the return value is a string of `enc` encoding,
* whose contents are the converted ones. Otherwise the string is
* a junk.
* @warning It doesn't raise on a conversion failure and silently ends up in
* a corrupted output. You can know the failure by querying
* `valid_encoding?` of the result object.
*
* @internal
*
* @shyouhei has no idea why this one does not follow the naming convention
* that others obey. It seems to him that this should have been called
* `rb_enc_external_str_new`.
*/
VALUE rb_external_str_new_with_enc(const char *ptr, long len, rb_encoding *enc);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_export(), except it additionally takes an encoding.
*
* @param[in] obj Target object.
* @param[in] enc Target encoding.
* @exception rb_eTypeError No implicit conversion to String.
* @return Converted ruby string of `enc` encoding.
*/
VALUE rb_str_export_to_enc(VALUE obj, rb_encoding *enc);
/**
* Encoding conversion main routine.
*
* @param[in] str String to convert.
* @param[in] from Source encoding.
* @param[in] to Destination encoding.
* @return A copy of `str`, with conversion from `from` to `to` applied.
* @note `from` can be a null pointer. `str`'s encoding is taken then.
* @note `to` can be a null pointer. No-op then.
*/
VALUE rb_str_conv_enc(VALUE str, rb_encoding *from, rb_encoding *to);
/**
* Identical to rb_str_conv_enc(), except it additionally takes IO encoder
* options. The extra arguments can be constructed using io_extract_modeenc()
* etc.
*
* @param[in] str String to convert.
* @param[in] from Source encoding.
* @param[in] to Destination encoding.
* @param[in] ecflags A set of enum ::ruby_econv_flag_type.
* @param[in] ecopts Optional hash.
* @return A copy of `str`, with conversion from `from` to `to` applied.
* @note `from` can be a null pointer. `str`'s encoding is taken then.
* @note `to` can be a null pointer. No-op then.
* @note `ecopts` can be ::RUBY_Qnil, which is equivalent to passing an
* empty hash.
*/
VALUE rb_str_conv_enc_opts(VALUE str, rb_encoding *from, rb_encoding *to, int ecflags, VALUE ecopts);
/**
* Scans the passed string to collect its code range. Because a Ruby's string
* is mutable, its contents change from time to time; so does its code range.
* A long-lived string tends to fall back to ::RUBY_ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN.
* This API scans it and re-assigns a fine-grained code range constant.
*
* @param[out] str A string.
* @return An enum ::ruby_coderange_type.
*/
int rb_enc_str_coderange(VALUE str);
/**
* Scans the passed string until it finds something odd. Returns the number of
* bytes scanned. As the name implies this is suitable for repeated call. One
* of its application is `IO#readlines`. The method reads from its receiver's
* read buffer, maybe more than once, looking for newlines. But "newline" can
* be different among encodings. This API is used to detect broken contents to
* properly mark them as such.
*
* @param[in] str String to scan.
* @param[in] end End of `str`.
* @param[in] enc `str`'s encoding.
* @param[out] cr Return buffer.
* @return Distance between `str` and first such byte where broken.
* @post `cr` has the code range type.
*/
long rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable(const char *str, const char *end, rb_encoding *enc, int *cr);
/**
* Queries if the passed string is "ASCII only". An ASCII only string is a
* string who doesn't have any non-ASCII characters at all. This doesn't
* necessarily mean the string is in ASCII encoding. For instance a String of
* CP932 encoding can quite much be ASCII only, depending on its contents.
*
* @param[in] str String in question.
* @retval 1 It doesn't have non-ASCII characters.
* @retval 0 It has characters that are out of ASCII.
*/
int rb_enc_str_asciionly_p(VALUE str);
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
/**
* Looks for the passed string in the passed buffer.
*
* @param[in] x Buffer that potentially includes `y`.
* @param[in] m Number of bytes of `x`.
* @param[in] y Query string.
* @param[in] n Number of bytes of `y`.
* @param[in] enc Encoding of both `x` and `y`.
* @retval -1 Not found.
* @retval otherwise Found index in `x`.
* @note This API can match at a non-character-boundary.
*/
long rb_memsearch(const void *x, long m, const void *y, long n, rb_encoding *enc);
/** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
static inline VALUE
rbimpl_enc_str_new_cstr(const char *str, rb_encoding *enc)
{
long len = rbimpl_strlen(str);
return rb_enc_str_new_static(str, len, enc);
}
#define rb_enc_str_new(str, len, enc) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) && \
RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(len) ? \
rb_enc_str_new_static: \
rb_enc_str_new) ((str), (len), (enc)))
#define rb_enc_str_new_cstr(str, enc) \
((RBIMPL_CONSTANT_P(str) ? \
rbimpl_enc_str_new_cstr : \
rb_enc_str_new_cstr) ((str), (enc)))
/** @endcond */
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
#endif /* RUBY_INTERNAL_ENCODING_STRING_H */