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======================
Testing Guzzle Clients
======================
Guzzle provides several tools that will enable you to easily mock the HTTP
layer without needing to send requests over the internet.
* Mock handler
* History middleware
* Node.js web server for integration testing
Mock Handler
============
When testing HTTP clients, you often need to simulate specific scenarios like
returning a successful response, returning an error, or returning specific
responses in a certain order. Because unit tests need to be predictable, easy
to bootstrap, and fast, hitting an actual remote API is a test smell.
Guzzle provides a mock handler that can be used to fulfill HTTP requests with
a response or exception by shifting return values off of a queue.
.. code-block:: php
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Handler\MockHandler;
use GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Response;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Request;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\RequestException;
// Create a mock and queue two responses.
$mock = new MockHandler([
new Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'Bar'], 'Hello, World'),
new Response(202, ['Content-Length' => 0]),
new RequestException('Error Communicating with Server', new Request('GET', 'test'))
]);
$handlerStack = HandlerStack::create($mock);
$client = new Client(['handler' => $handlerStack]);
// The first request is intercepted with the first response.
$response = $client->request('GET', '/');
echo $response->getStatusCode();
//> 200
echo $response->getBody();
//> Hello, World
// The second request is intercepted with the second response.
echo $client->request('GET', '/')->getStatusCode();
//> 202
// Reset the queue and queue up a new response
$mock->reset();
$mock->append(new Response(201));
// As the mock was reset, the new response is the 201 CREATED,
// instead of the previously queued RequestException
echo $client->request('GET', '/')->getStatusCode();
//> 201
When no more responses are in the queue and a request is sent, an
``OutOfBoundsException`` is thrown.
History Middleware
==================
When using things like the ``Mock`` handler, you often need to know if the
requests you expected to send were sent exactly as you intended. While the mock
handler responds with mocked responses, the history middleware maintains a
history of the requests that were sent by a client.
.. code-block:: php
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack;
use GuzzleHttp\Middleware;
$container = [];
$history = Middleware::history($container);
$handlerStack = HandlerStack::create();
// or $handlerStack = HandlerStack::create($mock); if using the Mock handler.
// Add the history middleware to the handler stack.
$handlerStack->push($history);
$client = new Client(['handler' => $handlerStack]);
$client->request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get');
$client->request('HEAD', 'http://httpbin.org/get');
// Count the number of transactions
echo count($container);
//> 2
// Iterate over the requests and responses
foreach ($container as $transaction) {
echo $transaction['request']->getMethod();
//> GET, HEAD
if ($transaction['response']) {
echo $transaction['response']->getStatusCode();
//> 200, 200
} elseif ($transaction['error']) {
echo $transaction['error'];
//> exception
}
var_dump($transaction['options']);
//> dumps the request options of the sent request.
}
Test Web Server
===============
Using mock responses is almost always enough when testing a web service client.
When implementing custom :doc:`HTTP handlers <handlers-and-middleware>`, you'll
need to send actual HTTP requests in order to sufficiently test the handler.
However, a best practice is to contact a local web server rather than a server
over the internet.
- Tests are more reliable
- Tests do not require a network connection
- Tests have no external dependencies
Using the test server
---------------------
.. warning::
The following functionality is provided to help developers of Guzzle
develop HTTP handlers. There is no promise of backwards compatibility
when it comes to the node.js test server or the ``GuzzleHttp\Tests\Server``
class. If you are using the test server or ``Server`` class outside of
guzzlehttp/guzzle, then you will need to configure autoloading and
ensure the web server is started manually.
.. hint::
You almost never need to use this test web server. You should only ever
consider using it when developing HTTP handlers. The test web server
is not necessary for mocking requests. For that, please use the
Mock handler and history middleware.
Guzzle ships with a node.js test server that receives requests and returns
responses from a queue. The test server exposes a simple API that is used to
enqueue responses and inspect the requests that it has received.
Any operation on the ``Server`` object will ensure that
the server is running and wait until it is able to receive requests before
returning.
``GuzzleHttp\Tests\Server`` provides a static interface to the test server. You
can queue an HTTP response or an array of responses by calling
``Server::enqueue()``. This method accepts an array of
``Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface`` and ``Exception`` objects.
.. code-block:: php
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Response;
use GuzzleHttp\Tests\Server;
// Start the server and queue a response
Server::enqueue([
new Response(200, ['Content-Length' => 0])
]);
$client = new Client(['base_uri' => Server::$url]);
echo $client->request('GET', '/foo')->getStatusCode();
// 200
When a response is queued on the test server, the test server will remove any
previously queued responses. As the server receives requests, queued responses
are dequeued and returned to the request. When the queue is empty, the server
will return a 500 response.
You can inspect the requests that the server has retrieved by calling
``Server::received()``.
.. code-block:: php
foreach (Server::received() as $response) {
echo $response->getStatusCode();
}
You can clear the list of received requests from the web server using the
``Server::flush()`` method.
.. code-block:: php
Server::flush();
echo count(Server::received());
// 0